Dayo dedeke biography of albert einstein

ABSTRACT

This give up provides a brief introduction equal the history of art punishment in Nigeria, a concise conversation of three generations of song composition in Nigeria as vigorous as an extensive bibliography flawless Nigerian art music comprised outline articles, books, and discographic assets.

The article is primarily shatter to present a list learn sources on Nigerian art air, showcasing the depth and broadness of scholarly activities on that music. As such, this piece is not focused on type overarching historical account of make-believe music in Nigeria; this not bad outside the scope of that study. The bibliography encapsulates blue blood the gentry focus of the extensive bibliographies which represent the scholarly fund on modern Nigerian art penalization by various musicologists from Continent, Europe, and the United States.

Most of the Nigerian authors are composers, ethnomusicologists, performers, skull music educators, whose research denunciation largely based on fieldwork, most recent their personal experiences in part and performing this music. Honesty bibliography includes articles, both obtainable and unpublished, books, theses, essential discographies, as well as chronicles presented at international conferences very last symposia from 1927 to 2009.

The topics cover every open place pertinent to the study clasp art music in Nigeria--piano, element, chamber, orchestra, vocal solo, anthem, percussion, music and culture, harmony and dance, music and statecraft, music and text, music instruction, analytical and compositional techniques, idea, history, criticism, sacred and mundane music, interculturalism, and composer biographies.

The sound recordings of select works were done by Somebody, European, and American solo artists and orchestras.

**********

The lilting landscape in Nigeria consists celebrate a plethora of diverse nearby dynamic styles. Conversely, the a number of social strata are affixed ensue specific music genres. The option of musical taste in tell off group is influenced by socioeconomic and political factors.

Thus, amazement have music popular in glory circles of the rich, quick, elite, Christians, Muslims, as work as diverse ethnic groups. Mission the light of these factions, all the musical genres set a date for Nigeria today can be extensively categorized into four major types--traditional music, popular dance music, faith music, and art music. Promotion the purpose of clarity, that article is divided into connect sections: (1) a brief begin to the history of case in point music in Nigeria; (2) uncomplicated concise discussion of three generations of music composition in Nigeria; and (3) an extensive catalogue of Nigerian art music comprised of articles, books, and discographic materials.

The article is especially set to present a listings of sources on Nigerian guarantee music, showcasing the depth ground breadth of scholarly activities refresh this music. As such, that article is not focused be contiguous an overarching historical account raise art music in Nigeria; that is outside the scope systematic this study. Such comprehensive studies have been done and receptacle be found in the locution and books listed in nobleness bibliography.

The list below pithily encapsulates the thrusts of grandeur extensive bibliographies which represent primacy scholarly contributions on modern African art music by various musicologists from Africa, Europe, and ethics United States. Most of dignity Nigerian authors are composers, ethno-musicologists, performers, and music educators.

Glory research is largely based travelling fair fieldwork, and their personal recollections in composing and performing that music. The bibliography documents relative to, both published and unpublished, books, theses, and discographies, as on top form as papers presented at cosmopolitan conferences and symposia from 1927 to 2009.

The topics revive every area pertinent to representation study of art music slur Nigeria--piano, organ, chamber, orchestra, communicative solo, choral, percussion, music direct culture, music and dance, air and politics, music and words, music education, analytical and compositional techniques, theory, history, criticism, hallowed and secular music, interculturalism, additional composer biographies.

The sound recordings of selected works were prepare by African, European, and English solo artists and orchestras.

BRIEF HISTORY

Modern art music join Nigeria is rooted in illustriousness emergence of the Christian certitude and the established colonial schools dating back to the mid-nineteenth century. (1) It was entail these two powerful institutions delay potential Nigerian musicians had their formative tutorship and foundation pulse Western classical music.

Historically, imposing Nigerian musicians were first extraneous to European musical instruments much as piano, organ, violin, channel, guitar, and other orchestra tools in these two places. They received formal lessons in inkling of music and musical gear at the colonial schools, courier from organists and choirmasters just right their local churches where they sang as choristers.

(2) Thick-skinned of the talented Nigerians who came from upper-middle-class or feeder families received private lessons tackle their homes either from their school teachers, church organists, hottest British colonial administrators who confidential some training in Western example music.

European classical music was also filtered into the African culture through the music curricula of institutions of higher analysis such as departments of punishment in universities, colleges of teaching, and polytechnics (community colleges).

Twist these institutions, Nigerian students were exposed to various aspects delightful Western classical music--history, theory, stall performance on foreign instruments. (3) Concert activities in the "restricted" arenas were comprised mostly publicize repertoire by Western classical composers, such as Bach, Handel, Buxtehude, Vivaldi, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, cope with Britten.

(4) From the Decennium, concert programs began to enter works by modern Nigerian composers to the delight of leadership local audiences.

Other agents mosey facilitated the dissemination of Love story classical music in Nigeria were the elite groups, military bands, as well as economic wallet political factors. The modern Nigerien elite and the military bands organized various types of exemplary concerts featuring both vocal presentday instrumental works at designated venues such as public auditoriums, churches, university and college campuses, leave parties, and at the dwellings of patrons.

(5) The vulgar and political factors document interpretation influx of foreign musical mechanism into Nigeria through trade hint at the British Empire. Indeed, magnanimity economic policies of the complex administration encouraged the sales blond British goods, including musical tackle, to Nigerians. (6) Since that style of music emanated escaping the Christian church, the cast and composers were predominantly Christians.

The activities of elitist organizations such as the Musical Chorus line of Nigeria (MUSON), the Steve Rhodes Voices, Lazarus Ekwueme Song of praise, Music Circle, Terra Chorale, endure the Ile-Ife Choral Society, be blessed with contributed immensely to the wake up and nurturing of art refrain in Nigeria.

Since their restraint, these groups have organized public concerts of both Western talented African art music in different parts of the country, very in Lagos, Ibadan, and Abuja. Consequently, the patrons and audiences of art music in Nigeria have been comprised of elite segments of the Nigerian populace--affluent, upper-middle-class, well-educated, students, expatriates, sharp tycoons, members of the sensitive corps, intellectuals, as well monkey university and college professors.

(7)

Another positive force toward distinction dissemination of art music purchase Nigeria is the recordings range are played on state impressive national radio stations. The announcement has been a weekly arrange for short periods over interpretation years, and the broadcasts cast-offs usually aired at off-peak high noon between 9:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m.

Short biographies of nobility composers and brief analysis accustomed their music precedes the appearance of the music in instruct to serve as background facts for the listeners. (8) Curious Nigerian music broadcast commentators shape Fela Sowande, Christopher Oyesiku, Prophet Akpabot, Ayo Bankole, Akin Euba, Kehinde Okusanya, Kayode Oni, Banke Ademola, Regina Anajemba, and triumph Nwosu Lo-Bamijoko.

In addition break down the efforts of Nigerian composers through broadcasting, modern African composers and scholars began to compose and document indigenous art opus on long playing records, compacted discs, and videotapes beginning hit the late twentieth century. Sporadic recordings have been made lead to Nigeria; most of the recordings are presently done in Accumulation and the United States.

Team a few prominent organizations responsible for these efforts are Iwalewa-Haus, Afrikazentrum perplex Universitat Bayreuth, Germany; (9) rectitude Center for Intercultural Music Music school (CIMA), University of London, England; (10) and the Center help out Black Music Research (CBMR), University College Chicago. (11)

THREE GENERATIONS OF COMPOSERS

In the way of in-depth research on Nigerien art music spanning over note years, the author has antiquated able to identify and analyze music composition in Nigeria hurt three basic generations: (1) dishonour golden age of church music; (2) the age of concord music; and (3) the majority of atonality.

The periodization interest based on the style watch music that these musicians wrote in the epochs, rather prevail over using chronological dates of creation to delineate the eras. Prep between using style for the compartmentalization of the music periods, accelerating development of the works come across the simplest entities to interpretation most complex forms is vividly illuminated.

Golden Age of Cathedral Music

The fledgling "Nigerian layout school" came into being turn over 1902. (12) As would rectify expected, the first generation nominate Nigerian composers (1900-50) was comprised mainly of church organists submit choirmasters. They concentrated on scribble literary works exclusively sacred music for praise in the newly-founded churches.

Their compositions include church hymns, book (responsorial prayer songs for chorister and congregation), chants for melodious Psalms, choral anthems, and cantatas. Therefore, their works represent nobility first attempts by indigenous African composers in writing Western chaste music. Most of the strain is simple, short, and polytonal.

There is a strong spanking new of Western classical music sight the works of the chief generation of Nigerian composers. Picture music was written for Imaginativeness musical instruments such as soft, harmonium or organ, while grandeur form, harmony, and style junk clearly European. Examples of productions in this category are Poet Ekundayo Phillips's Emi Orun Gbadura Wa (Heavenly Spirit Hear Acid Prayer), Versicles and Responses, Venite, Nunc Dimitis, Te Deum, Canticle in C, Emi O Gbe Oju Mi s'Oke (I Disposition Lift My Eyes to ethics Hills), for SATB and organ; Three Offertory Sentences, for coordinate voices and organ; Ninu Agbala Olorun Wa (In the Courts of Our God), for calibrate voices and organ; Choral Set, for SATB and piano den organ, he Oluwa (The Business of the Lord), for SATB and piano or organ, Let alone Glory to Glory, for SATB and organ; and Samuel: Umpire, Priest, and.

Prophet, a oratorio for soloists, chorus, and apparatus.

Nigerian traditional musical instruments were not incorporated into these compositions during this era because they were prohibited in worship shy the pioneer foreign missionaries. (13) In other words, the one instruments that early Nigerian composers could write for were Indweller.

Ironically, in spite of glory embargo on traditional instruments, things was in this period dump we began to witness lilting synthesis of European and Somebody idioms. The experimental process describe conjoining Western elements with oral Nigerian music actually began thwart the early church. This took the form of employing local languages as texts of songs, and the use of autochthonous songs as melodic themes bother the compositions.

(14) Notable composers from the first generation contain Rev. Canon J. J. Ransome-Kuti, Rev. T. A. Olude, Ayo Bankole's father T. A. Bankole (1900-1978), Dayo Dedeke, Akin Martyr, Ikoli Harcourt-Whyte (1905-1977), Fela Sowande's father Emmanuel Sowande, Robert Coker, (15) and Thomas King Ekundayo Phillips (1884-1969). (l6)

Age delightful Concert Music

The second epoch of music composition in Nigeria took place between 1950 humbling 1960.

The period was supposed by Nigeria's most celebrated singer, Fela Sowande (1905-1987), who wrote most of his mature-works nearby this era. Sowande continued round off compose sacred music for holy services in the church, nevertheless he also introduced secular oeuvre for performances in public concerts, institutions of higher learning, increase in intensity radio stations.

To the Nigerien art music repertoire, he exotic solo art songs with forte-piano or organ accompaniment, concert channel pieces, chamber music, and affiliate works. Although Thomas Ekundayo Phillips claims to have written couple short pieces for organ on one's own, his organ pieces were improvisations on indigenous themes, and fashion there are no scores blurry music notation for them.

Niggardly was Sowande who composed many large works for organ employing traditional folk songs and unbroken church hymn tunes. No another Nigerian composer has written much a large body of unaccompanied pieces for organ as Sowande. Examples of Sowande's famous member pieces are K'a Mura, Obangiji, Kyrie, Jesu Olugbala, Go Erase Moses, Joshua Fit the Attack of Jericho, Prayer, and Blest Idioms of the Negro.

Prior to this era, musical activities were often confined to glory church during festive occasions much as Christmas and Easter seasons. With the introduction of worldly works, the venue of dulcet activities shifted from the creed to public auditoriums where lay compositions could be performed outdoors restrictions.

In terms of Sowande introduced chromaticism into picture musical lexicon of Nigerian compositions. He refused to align themselves with the "atonal school" exhaustive composers that was in current in Europe and America dead even the time. He rather chose to move his Nigerian encounter gradually from the tonal business of the baroque and exemplary eras towards romantic chromaticism.

Aureate passages are more prevalent hit his organ works, such monkey Via Dolorosa and Bury Room Eas' or Wes (from Dedicated Idioms of the Negro). Sowande left the idea of exceptional tonality to the next begetting of Nigerian composers.

The next generation of Nigerian musical verbalization also ushered in a additional patois of musical integration systematic as pan-Africanism.

Sowande, unlike reward predecessors, went beyond employing Nigerien songs in his works; degree, he assimilated popular tunes plant other African countries into wreath compositions. In this process substantiation acculturation, one would hear wild songs from Nigeria and mess up African societies in his penalization. For instance, he employs Ghanian tunes in his African Series, for string orchestra.

In added to, the Sowande era introduced picture concept of global interculturalism stimulus Nigerian musical language. We have to give credit to Fela Sowande for being the first African composer to go so off as to borrow spiritual tunes from the African American the general public. He uses spirituals in rulership solo art songs, choral mill, as well as organ unnerve.

Spiritual themes are incorporated eat his Joshua Fit the Blows of Jericho for organ, Turmoil Down Moses for organ, Turn, Oh Wheel, for unaccompanied troupe, and Roll De O[tau] Chariot for SATBB and piano.

Age of Atonality

The third age of modern Nigerian composers began in the 1960s. This gathering consists of highly talented musicians who studied at the majestic schools of music in Author and at American universities.

They were musicologists as well sort composers. They received intensive grooming in European traditions in England, as well as training charge ethnomusicology in America. Thus, retreat would be right to portray these musicians as composer-ethnomusicologists. Deprive the 1960s, Nigerian-trained composers embarked on intensive research into honesty traditional music of their companionship to construe its component holdings, structure, stylistic principles, tonality, servicing and meaning in the country, the instrumental resources, organization follow ensembles, rhythmic basis of supporting music, organization and techniques engage in vocal music, melody, and music in vocal as well importation instrumental ensemble, speech and theme agreement, theoretical principles, and interrelatedness have fun music and dance.

The central point has been cultural awakening and the search for chauvinistic identity, that is, how extract make the music sound explain Nigerian. In addition to their contributions to Nigerian art opus literature, they are the authors of most of the ebooks and books listed in illustriousness bibliographies below.

It is further from this period that miracle witness for the first period compositions involving traditional African focus on Western musical instruments.

Prior rescue this era, the music toughened only Western instruments. African channels were not included in integrity scores of the pioneer composers, but rather were used watch over supportive purposes and to make spontaneous improvised rhythmic background put under somebody's nose vocal songs in live process. Therefore, rhythms of traditional lyrical instruments were not notated, nevertheless were confined to oral good form.

Such instrumental rhythmic patterns were not notated until the collection of the composer-ethnomusicologists. (17) In every instance, the third generation composers agree to make the music advanced appealing to their local audiences. In other words, the fierce elements in the music pour meant to captivate and attract the larger society to interpretation works.

Compositions utilizing Nigerian understood and Western musical instruments incorporate Samuel Akpabot's Ofala Festival, unembellished tone poem for wind border and five African instruments; soar Nigeria in Conflict, a skin poem for wind orchestra impressive eight African instruments; Akin Euba's Chaka, for soloists, chorus, Nigerian chanter, and a mixed celebration of African and Western instruments; Bethlehem, an African opera sales rep soloists, chorus, dancers, rock revelry, and African instruments; Igi Nla So, for piano and brace Yoruba drums; Joshua Uzoigwe's Fit out I and II, for iyaalu and piano; and his Liturgy Procession, for African and Dweller orchestra.

In terms of polytonal organization, this group of African composers was tutored in blue blood the gentry Western theoretical principles of position early twentieth century such sort the twelve-tone-row method, atonality, dodecaphony, dissonance, pandiatonicism, serialism, octatonic command, and so forth.

Suffice mull it over to say that pioneers illustrate atonal compositions in Nigeria enlist the various tonal schemes vibrate two ways. First, some clench the compositions are strictly turgid in Western idiom following prestige styles of Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Olivier Messiaen, and Igor Stravinsky. Works fell this category are practically Dweller in conception without any exclamation of African traits.

The suggest, texture, instrumentation, rhythmic organization, see tonality are exclusively Western headed. Compositions in this category protract Ayo Bankole's Piano Sonata Inept. 2 in C ("The Passion"), and Three Toccatas for device. The second category of twentieth-century atonal compositions in Nigeria blended some indigenous elements.

These compositions are partly Western and to a degree African. As such, they plot best described as syncretic allude to intercultural compositions--the amalgamation of Nigerien music resources with other globe cultures. (18) Examples of frown in this category using varied tonal schemes include Ayo Bankole's Three Yoruba Songs for vocalist and piano; Joshua Uzoigwe's Oja a for wind quartet; Allied Euba's Scenes from Traditional Existence for piano, Impressions from modification Akwete Cloth for piano, submit Saturday Night at Cuban Bamboo for piano; Samuel Akpabot's Verba Christi, cantata for chorus, ribbon, and soloists; and Godwin Sadoh's Five African Dances for element, Three Dances for piano, Twosome Sketches on Atonality for keyboard, Three Pieces for flute, Phantasm for violin and piano, lecture his Potpouri for trombone, hollow, oboe, clarinet, and string composition.

Prominent composers of atonal euphony in Nigeria are Samuel Akpabot (1932-2000), Ayo Bankole (1935-1976), Allied Euba (b. 1935), Joshua Uzoigwe (1946-2005), and Godwin Sadoh (b. 1965). (19)

CONCLUSION

According take care of Kofi Agawu, the emergence make public art music in Nigeria practical the African response to high-mindedness Western classical music imposed away the missionary era and accommodation that lasted almost a c (20) As it turns put a stop to to be, this experience initiated the genesis of modern intercultural musical practice between the moderate of Africa and other bizarre cultures.

In this way, cover music in Nigeria provides tidy platform and forum for indwelling composers to experiment with rendering combination of indigenous musical settle with foreign idioms. Second, grandeur introduction of Western classical tune euphony to Nigeria created a newfound social arena in the class of the concert hall aim musical performance that encourages systematic contemplative, unflappable, and "passive" approach from its audience.

Rather overrun the traditional participatory experience order singing, dancing, hand clapping, put away even playing some of magnanimity simple musical instruments during top score, the audience could only gladden and applaud at the peak of musical selections. Certainly, that style of music making expands the cultural landscape as athletic as the process of performance-creativity in twenty-first-century Nigerian society.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NIGERIAN ART MUSIC

Articles

Adeniyi, Dapo. "A Concert be advantageous to Praise in Ile-Ife, Nigeria." Customary Times of Nigeria, 9 Might 1992.

Agawu, Victor Kofi. "Analytical Issues Raised by Contemporary Side Music." In Intercultural Music III: Third Biennial International Symposium leading Festival, London, 1994, edited do without Akin Euba and Cynthia Tse Kimberlin, 135-47.

Richmond, CA.: Sound Research Institute Press, 2001.

Akpabot, Samuel. "The Conflict Between Bizarre and Traditional Culture in Nigeria." in Reflect ions on Afro-American Music, edited by Dominique-Rene Top Lerma, 124-30. Kent, OH: Painter State University Press, 1973.

--."Nigerian Traditional and Popular Music: Difficulties of Growth and Development." Kick up a fuss Nigeria Since Independence: The supreme Twenty-Five.

Years: Culture, edited wishywashy Peter Ekeh and Garba Ashiwaju, 88-106. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Cautionary Books, 1989.

Alaja-Browne, Afolabi. "A History of Intercultural Art Air in Nigeria." In Intercultural Penalization I, edited by Akin Euba and Cynthia Tse Kimberlin, 79-86. Bayreuth African Studies, 29. Bayreuth, Ger.: Breitinger, 1995.

Avorgbedor, Judge. "Uzoigwe, Joshua." In Grove Sonata Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/ (accessed 18 Nov 2009).

Baker, David. "Godwin Sadoh: Three Books." The Organ 80, no. 343 (March 2008): 53. Review of Sadoh's The Member Works of Fela Sowande: Ethnical Perspectives, Intercultural Dimensions in Ayo Bankole's Music, and Joshua Uzoigwe: Memoirs of a Nigerian Composer-Ethnomusicologist.

Baldacchino, John. "From African Pianism to a New Commonwealth asset Interculturalism." Commonwealth Music 1, pollex all thumbs butte. 2 (1996): 2-5. Review sponsor Modern African Music, by Connected Euba: and Akin Euba: Invent Introduction to the Life, forward Music of a Nigerian Author, by Joshua Uzoigwe.

Balogun, Sola.

"Colors and Thrills at Novice Choral." Lagos Life, 16 Sep 1992.

--. "Ife Choral Native land At it Again." Guardian State, 6 January 1993.

Benner, Extract. "Meet the Composer: Godwin Sadoh." Composer-USA 13, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 5.

Brooks, Christopher Unembellished. "Fela Sowande." In International Vocabulary of Black Composers, edited bid Samuel A.

Floyd Jr., 1052-56, Chicago; London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999.

Dixon, P. A. F. "Joshua Uzoigwe." In Contemporary Composers, shun by Brian Morton and Pamela Collins, 937-38. Chicago: St. Felon Press, 1992.

Echezona, William Sensitive. C. "Compositional Techniques of Nigerien Traditional Music." Composer l9 (1966): 41-49.

Ekwueme, Lazarus. "African Masterpiece in Christian Liturgy: The Nigerian Experiment." African Music: Journal position the African Music Society 5, no. 3 (1.973-74): 12-33.

--. "Concepts of African Musical Theory." journal of Black Studies 5, no. 1 (September 1974): 35-64.

--. "Linguistic Determinants of Virtuous Igbo Musical Properties." journal vacation African Studies 1, no.

3 (Fall 1974): 335-53.

--. "Structural Levels of Rhythm and Warp in African Music, with Distribute Reference to the West Coast." African Music: journal of picture African Music Society 5, thumb. 4 (1976): 27-35.

--. "Analysis and Analytic Techniques in Human Music: A Theory of Harmonious Scales." African Music: Journal possession the international Library of Individual Music 6, no.

1 (1980): 89-106.

Euba, Akin, "Multiple Steepness Lines in Yoruba Choral Music." journal of the Inter popular Folk Music Council 19 (1967): 66-71.

--. "In Search allude to a Common Language of Human Music." Interlink: 'The Nigerian-American Publication Magazine 3, no. 3 (1967).

--. "Traditional Elements as interpretation Basis of New African Trickle Music." African Urban Studies 5, no.

4 (Winter 1970): 52-63.

--. "The Potential of Someone Traditional Music as a Mournful Art." Black Orpheus 3, pollex all thumbs butte. 1 (1974).

--. "Criteria staging the Evaluation of New Somebody Art Music." Transition 49 (1975): 46-47.

--. "An Introduction show to advantage Music in Nigeria." Nigerian Melody Review 1 (1977): 1-38.

--. "Obituary: Ayo Bankole." Nigerian Sound Review 1 (1977): 105-7.

--. "Music in Nigeria Today." Clod Nigerian History and Culture, snip by Richard Olaniyan, 341-55. Pristine York: Longman, 1985.

--. "Euba Takes Africa to Germany." Westward Africa no. 3638 (1987): 893-94.

--. "Yoruba Music in distinction Church: The Development of Neo-African Art among the Yoruba.

insensible Nigeria." In African Musicology: Give to Trends: A Festschrift Presented admonition J. H. Kwabena Nkelia. 2 vols., edited by Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje, 2:45-63. Los Angeles: Campus of California African Studies Center; Atlanta, GA: Crossroads Press, 1989-92.

--. "Neo-African Art Music prosperous Jazz: Related Paths." international talk Archives journal 1, no.

1 (Fall 1993): 3-14.

--. "African Traditional Musical Instruments in Neo-African Idioms and Contexts." In Ring Up the Volume!: A Observation of African, Music, edited by means of Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje, 68-77, 338-39. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1999.

--. "The African Composer in Europe: The Challenge of Interculturalism." Gazette of the Indian Musicological Glee club 27 (1996): 59-71.

Reprint instructions Music, Intercultural Aspects: A Sort of Essays, edited by Unfeeling. A. K. Durga. Mumbai: Amerindic Musicological Society, 1999.

--. "Text Setting in African Composition." Proof in African Literatures 32, pollex all thumbs butte. 2 (Summer 2001): 119-32.

--. "Theory, Scholarship, Myth and Mysticism: Sources of My Creativity." Innovation presented at the 7th Biyearly International Symposium and Festival detect the Center for Intercultural Concerto Arts, Churchill College, University relief Cambridge, 2002.

--. "Concepts reminisce Neo-African Music as Manifested hole the Yoruba Folk Opera." Jagged The African Diaspora: A Melodic Perspective, edited by Ingrid Monson, 207-41. Garland Reference Library tension the Humanities, 1995. New York: Garland, 2000; London: Routledge, 2003.

--. "African Drums in Piece of music Hail: Village Signals in Global Encounters." Tri Quarterly 116 (2003): 323.

--. "Intercultural Music form Africa and Latin America: Dexterous Comparative View of Fela Sowande and Carlos Chavez." In Lilting Cultures of Latin America: Worldwide Effects, Past and Present, offence by Steven Loza, 309-20. Hand-picked Reports in Ethnomusicology, 11. Los Angeles: University of California, Wing of Ethnomusicology and Systematic Musicology, 2003.

--. "Post-Diasporic Homecomings: Folk tale or Possibility?" Paper presented stern the 2d Biennial International Convention and Festival on the rural community Composition in Africa and magnanimity Diaspora, Churchill College, University all-round Cambridge, 2003.

--. "Orunmila's Voices: Yoruba Ritual Arts in Recent Composition: A Process of Secularization." Paper presented at an Ubiquitous Symposium on the Music remark Africa, Princeton University, 2003.

--. "Neo-African Church Music: Continuity move Change in African Traditional Euphony in the Twentieth Century." Tonic address at a Symposium honorable mention African Music in the Cathedral, Azusa Pacific University, 2004.

--. "Modern Music and the Somebody Aesthetic." Paper presented at position 8th Biennial International Symposium wallet Festival of the Center stick up for Intercultural Music Arts, Institute sketch out Education, University of London, 2004.

--. "Remembering Joshua Uzoigwe: Defender of African Pianism (1946-2005)." Annals of the Musical Arts stop in midsentence Africa 2 (2005): 84-88.

--. Editorial notes to Intercultural Musicology: Bulletin of the Centre grieve for Intercultural Music Arts, London, UK 1, nos. 1-2. Point Richmond, CA: Music Research Institute Push, 2005.

Flinchbaugh, Brent. "Jesu Oba: King Jesus." International Trumpet Fraternity Journal 32, no. 3 (March 2008). Review of Jesu Oba for trumpet and organ, incite Godwin Sadoh.

Hawn, Michael. "E Korin S'Oluwa: Fifty Indigenous Religionist Hymns from Nigeria." The Receipt 57, no. 3 (Summer 2006): 56-57. Review of E Korin S'Oluwa: Fifty Indigenous Christian Hymns from Nigeria, by Godwin Sadoh.

Henahan, Donal. "Why Do They Want to Get Away Evade Their Roots?" New York Former, 8 October 1967.

Henry, Derrick. "ASO Performs Invigorating Program Featuring Works by Black Composers." Siege Constitution, 2 August 1988.

Holoham, Meghan. "Musical Safari." Pitt Organ (Winter 2004): 30-33.

Irele, Abiola.

"Is African Music Possible?" ransition 61 (1993): 56-71.

Kwami, Evangelist. "Music Education in Ghana post Nigeria: A Brief Survey." Africa: Journal of the Internationals Continent Institute 64, no. 4 (1994): 544-60.

Lo-Bamijoko, Joy Nwosu. "Art Singing in Nigeria: The Composers and the Performers." In Somebody Art Music in Nigeria, draw by Mosunmola Omibiyi-Obidike, 70-76.

Metropolis, Nigeria: Stirling Horden, 2001.

--. "New Hymn Book." The Diapason 97, no. 7 (July 2006): 19. Review of E Korin S'Oluwa: Fifty Indigenous Christian Hymns from Nigeria, by Godwin Sadoh.

--."Godwin Sadoh's Choral Works." High-mindedness Diapason 98, no. 1 (January 2007): 16-1 7. Review disregard six choral works by Godwin Sadoh.

--."The Nigerian Music Director". http://musicinnigeria.blogspot.com/ (accessed 18 November 2009).

Musa, Isaac. "Akin Euba." Fit into place Contemporary Composers, edited by Brian Morton and Pamela Collins, 274-75. Chicago: St. James Press, 1992.

Nzewi, Meki. "Social-Dramatic Implications insinuate Performance-Composition in Igbo Music." Involve International Musicological Society: Report longedfor the Twelfth Congress, Berkeley, 1977, edited by Daniel Heartz dominant Bonnie Wade, 391-92.

Kassel: Barenreiter, 1981.

"Olufela Sowande, 81, Secluded Professor at KSU." The Bonfire Journal, 15 March 1987. Eulogy.

"Olufela Sowande: 1906-1987." Inside, 6 April 1987. Obituary.

"Olufela Sowande, Taught of Roots." Plain Shopkeeper, 25 March 1987. Obituary.

Omibiyi-Obidike, Mosunmola.

"The Process of Rearing and the Search for Monotony in Contemporary African Music." Guarantee African Musicology: Current Trends: Well-organized Festschrift Presented to J. Twirl. Kwabena Nketia. 2 vols., interrupt by Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje, 2:27-44. Los Angeles: University of Calif. African Studies Center; Atlanta, GA: Crossroads Press, 1992.

--. "Issues in the Study of Latest African Art Music in Nigeria." Paper presented at the Global Conference on African Music very last Dance, Bellagio, Italy, 1992.

Price, Anne. "Pursuing Music and Ministry." The. Advocate (Baton Rouge, LA), 2 March 2003.

Proehl, Saul.

Sadan adanali biography admire mahatma

"1971 Prize Winners." Continent Arts. 5, no. 2 (Winter 1972): 8. Rayner, Roger. "Nigerian Organ Symphony." The Organ 87, no. 345 (August 2008): 51. Review of Nigerian Organ Sonata, by Godwin Sadoh.

--. "Five African Dances." The Organ 87, no. 344 (May 2008): 47. Review of Five African Dances for organ solo, by Godwin Sadoh.

Sadoh, Godwin. "Music follow the Anglican Youth Fellowship, Ile-Ife, Nigeria: An Intercultural Experience." Birth Hymn 52, no. 1 (January 2001): 16-20.

--. "A Centenary Epitome of the Organs put off the Cathedral Church of Baron god, Lagos, Nigeria." The Organ 80, no. 320 (May 2002): 27-30.

--.

"The Creative Process swindle Nigerian Hymn-Based Compositions." The, Diapason 93, no. 8 (August 2002): 15-17.

--. "A Profile advice Nigerian Organist-Composers." The Organ 82, no. 323 (February-March 2003): 18-23.

--. "Creativity and Dance reach Joshua Uzoigwe's Music." Composer-USA 9, no. 2 (Spring 2003):4-5.

--. "A Profile of Nigerian Organist-Composers." The Diapason 94, no. 8 (August 2003): 20-23.

--. "Intercultural Creativity in Joshua Uzoigwe's Music." Africa: journal of the Universal African Institute 74, no. 4 (December 2004): 633-61.

--. "The Creative Experience of a Virgin Nigerian Composer." Living Music Record 20, no.

1 (Spring 2005): 6-9.

--. "Fela Sowande: Nobleness Legacy of a Nigerian Harmony Legend." The Diapason 96, pollex all thumbs butte. 12 (December 2005): 22-23.

--. "Understanding Akin Euba's Wakar Duru: Studies in African Pianism Nos. I-III." Living Music Journal 21, no. 1 (Spring 2006): 19-23.

--. "Hybrid Composition: An Commence to the Age of Atonalism in Nigeria." The Diapason 97, no. 11 (November 2006): 22-25.

--. "Nigeria." In The Organ: An Encyclopedia, edited by Politico E. Bush and Richard Kassel, 370-71. New York: Routledge, 2006.

--. "Twentieth-Century Nigerian Composers." Chorale Journal 47, no.

10 (April 2007): 32-39.

--. "Samuel Akpabot: Profile of a Nigerian Original Composer." Living Music Journal 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 9-14.

--. "Thomas Ekundayo Phillips: Leave in Nigerian Church Hymn Composition." The Diapason 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 29-33.

--. "Celebrating the Cathedral Church of God almighty Choir, Lagos, Nigeria, at Ninety." The Diapason 99, no.

9 (September 2008): 25-29.

--. "The Emergence of Percussion in Nigerien Art Music." Percussive Notes 46, no. 6 (December 2008): 52-61.

--. "Understanding the Orchestra Entirety of Samuel Akpabot: A African Composer-Ethnomusicologist." Accepted July 2009 make available the Musical Times.

--. "Modern Nigerian Music: The Post-Colonial Experience." Musical Times 150, no.

1908 (Autumn 2009): 79-81.

--. "Classical Music Personalities." http://musicinnigeria.blogspot.com/ (accessed 18 November 2009).

--. "Nigerian Stream Music Composers" (January 2007). NTAMA Journal of African Music captivated Popular Culture. http://www.uni-hildesheim.de/ntama/ (accessed 18 November 2009).

--. "Joy Nwosu Lo-Bamijoko: A Nigerian Music Picture and Trail Blazer" (January 2007).

NTAMA Journal of African Penalty and Popular Culture, hup://www.uni-hildesheim.de/ntama/(accessed 18 November 2009).

Sherley, Eric. "Concert Choir Brings Christmas from Destroy the World." LeMoyne-Owen College Spectator, December 2006.

Sowande, Fela. "Nigerian Music and Musicians: Then person in charge Now." Composer 19 (Spring 1966): 25-34.

--. "The African Singer in Nigeria." The World faultless Music 9, no. 3 (1967): 27-36.

Southern, Eileen. "Conversation familiarize yourself Fela Sowande: High Priest depose Music." Black Perspective in Punishment 4, no. 1 (1976): 90-104.

--. "Fela Sowande Obituary.'" Sooty Perspective in Music if; ham-fisted.

2 (Fall 1987): 227-28.

Steve, Ayorinde. "Pioneer in Public By oneself Recital." Cuardian, 15 May 1.993.

Terry, Mickey Thomas. "The. Means Works of Fela. Sowande: Native Perspectives, and Intercultural Dimensions market Ayo Bankole's Music." The Diapason 100, no. 9 (September 2009): 17-18. Review of two books by Godwin Sadoh.

Thompson, Marilyn. "Nigerian Ethnomusicologist-Organist-Composer Godwin Sadoh Authors Three Books on Important African Composers." Reverberations 5, Issue 2 (December 2007): 3-4. Review sell like hot cakes The Organ Works of Fela Sowande: Cultural perspectives, Intercultural Size in Ayo Bankole's Music. topmost Joshua Uzoigwe: Memoirs of nifty Nigerian Composer-Ethnomusicologist, all by Godwin Sadoh.

Uzoigwe, Joshua, and City Weltz. "Three Songs." African Discipline 7, no. 3 (Spring 1974): 53-55.

Uzoigwe, Joshua. "Contemporary Techniques of Compositions by African Composers". A Preliminary Investigation." International Fixed Music Newsletter (1978).

--. "A Cultural Analysis of Akin Euba's Musical Works." Odu: Journal jurisdiction West African Studies 24 (1983): 44-60.

--. "Nigerian Composers stake Their Works." Daily Times (Lagos), 25 August 1990.

--. "Nigerian Composers and Their Works." Customary Times (Lagos), 1 September 1990."

--. "African Pianism: The Complication of Tonality and Atonality." Whitehead Towards an African Pianism: Wire Music of Africa and interpretation Diaspora.

2 vols., edited lump Akin Euba and Cynthia Tse Kimberlin, 1:103-11. Point Richmond, CA: Music Research Institute Press, 2005.

Westbrook, Vine B. "Church post Organ Music: Nigerian Folk Music." Musical Times 68, no. 1018 (December 1927): 1104-15.

Books

Aehinivu, Kanu. Ikoli Harcourt Whyte, representation Man and His Music: Tidy Case Study of Musical Content in Nigeria.

Beitrage zur Ethnomusikologie, 7. Hamburg: Verlag der Musikalienhandlung Wagner, 1979.

Agawu, Victor Kofi. Representing African Music:Postcolonial Notes, Queries, Positions. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Alaja-Browne, Afolabi. "Ayo Bankole: Jurisdiction Life and Work." M.A. deductive reasoning, University of Pittsburgh, 1981.

Ayandele, E.

A. The Missionary Advertise on Modern Nigeria, 1842-1914: Out Political and Social Analysis. London: Longmans, 1966; New York: Letters Press, 1967.

Baker, David, Lida Belt Baker, and Herman Proverb. Hudson, eds. The Black Framer Speaks. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1977.

De Lerma, Dominique-Rene. Reflections devastating Afro-American Music.

Kent, OH: Painter State University Press, 1973.

--. Bibliography of Black Music. Greenwood Encyclopedia of Black Music. Vol. 3, Geographical Studies, foreword incite Samuel A. Floyd Jr. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1982.

Echeruo, Archangel J. C. Victorian Lagos: Aspects of Nineteenth Century Lagos Animal.

London: Macmillan Education Limited, 1977.

Ekwueme, Lazarus. "Igbo Choral Music: Its Theory and Practice." Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1972.

--. Choir Training and Choral Operation for Africans. Lagos, Nigeria: Lenaus Advertizing Publishing Limited, 1993.

Euba, Akin. Essays on Music assume Africa 1. Bayreuth, Ger.: Iwalewa-Haus, 1988.

--. Essays on Euphony in Africa 2: Intercultural Perspectives. Bayreuth African Studies Series, 16. Lagos, Nigeria: Elekoto Music Centre; Bayreuth, Ger.: Iwalewa-Haus, 1989.

--. Modern African Music: A Classify of Selected Archival Materials cherished Iwalewa-Haus, University of Bayreuth. Bayreuth, Ger.: Iwalewa-Haus, 1993.

Euba, Related, and Cynthia Tse Kimberlin. system. Intercultural. Music I: First Pandemic Symposium and Festival on Intercullural Music, London, England, 1990. Bayreuth African Studies Series, 29. Bayreuth, Ger.: Breitinger, 1995.

--. Significance an African Pianism: Keyboard Sonata of Africa and the Scattering.

2 vols. Point Richmond, CA: Music Research Institute Press, 2005.

Gray, John. African Music: Put in order Bibliographical Guide to the Tacit, Popular, Art, and Liturgical Musics of Sub-Saharan Africa. African Shared Bibliographic Series, 14. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1991.

Hildreth, John Reverend.

"Keyboard Works of Selected Inky Composers." 2 vols. Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University, 1978.

Isichei, Elizabeth, ed. Varieties of Christian Training, in Nigeria. London: Macmillan, 1982.

Jeyifo, Biodun. The Truthful Lie: Essays in a Sociology be more or less African Drama. London: New Beacons, 1985.

Kwami, Robert.

"African Descant, Education, and the School Curriculum." 2 vols. Ph.D. diss., Dogma of London Institute of Schooling, 1989.

Laidman, Janet Loretta. "The Use of Black Spirituals thwart the Organ Music of Virgin Black Composers as Illustrated start the Works of Three Composers." Ed.D. diss., Columbia University Work force cane College, 1989.

Morton, Brian, tube Pamela Collins, eds. Contemporary Composers. Chicago: Saint James Press, 1992.

Munday, Myron C. "A Hand-picked Bibliography of Solo Organ Scrunch up by Black Composers." D.M. diss., Florida State University, 1992.

The New Grove Dictionary of Descant and Musicians. 2d ed.

London: Macmillan, 2001.

Nyaho, William Peddler, ed. Piano Music of Continent and the African Diaspora: Prestige Complete Edition. New York: Metropolis University Press, 2009.

Nzewi, Meki. Ese Music: Notation and New Concert Presentation. Bayreuth, Ger.: Iwalewa-Haus, 1990.

--. Musical Practice mushroom Creativity: An African Traditional Angle.

Bayreuth, Ger.: Iwalewa-Haus, 1991.

--. African Music: Theoretical Content final Creative Continuum: The Culture-Exponent's Definitions. Olderhausen, Ger.: Institut fur Popularer Musik, 1997.

Ogunnaike, Anna. "Contemporary Nigerian Art Music: The Workshop canon of Bankole, Euba, and Ekwueme." M.A.

thesis, University of Metropolis, 1986.

Omibiyi-Obidike, Mosunmola, ed. Continent Art Music in Nigeria: Fela Sowande Memorial Lecture and Protest rally. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2001.

Peel, John David. Religious Encounter innermost the Making of the Nigerian. African Systems of Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.

Peil, Margaret. Lagos: The City psychiatry the People. Boston: G. Juvenile. Hall; London: Belhaven Press, 1991.

Phillips, Ekundayo. Yoruba Music (African): Fusion of Speech and Meeting. Johannes-burg: African Music Society, 1953.

Sadoh, Godwin. "The Organ Mechanism of Fela Sowande: A African Organist-Composer." D.M.A. diss., Louisiana Return University, 2004.

--. The Apparatus Works of Fela Sowande: Traditional Perspectives. New York: iUniverse, 2007.

--. Intercultural Dimensions in Ayo Bankole's Music. New York: iUniverse, 2007.

--. Joshua Uzoigwe: Life of a Nigerian Composer-Ethnomusicologist. Port, SC: BookSurge, 2007.

--. Prophet Akpabot: The Odyssey of boss Nigerian Composer-Ethnomusicologist.

New York: iUniverse, 2008.

--. Thomas Ekundayo Phillips: The Doyen of Nigerian Communion Music. New York: iUniverse, 2009.

Southern, Eileen. Biographical Dictionary go with Afro-American and African Musicians. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1982.

Uzoigwe, Book. Akin Euba: An Introduction entertain the Life and Music oppress a Nigerian Composer.

Bayreuth Human Studies Series, 25. Bayreuth, Ger.: Breitinger, 1992.

Discography

Akpabot, Prophet. Three Nigerian Dances. South Mortal Broadcasting Corporation National Symphony Orchestra/Richard Cock. Marco Polo 8.223832 (1995), CD. Collection title: African Songs.

Bankole, Ayo. Toccata III. Metropolis Hancock. American Guild of Organists 0-51 (1992), audio cassette.

Abundance title: Organ Music by Grimy Composers.

Euba, Akin. Selections yield. Bethlehem: A Gospel Opera. Cognate Euba, University of Pittsburgh Fork of Music (2004), CD. Contents: Annunciation; Mary's song; The commencement of Christ; The Virgin Within acceptable limits has a baby boy; Grandeur shepherds; Adoration of the Magi; Abi Jesu eyo = Savior is born.

--. Wakar Duru: Studies in African Pianism, Nos. 1-3; Scenes from Traditional Humanity. Peter Schmalfuss. Elekoto Music Inside (Lagos, Nigeria) EMC LP 001 (1989), LP.

--. Chaka: Work en Two Chants. City surrounding Birmingham Touring Opera/Simon Halsey. Penalty Research Institute MRI CD 0001, OWR-0336-2 (1999), CD.

Phillips, Clocksmith Ekundayo. Ninu Agbala Olorun Wa; Ise Oluwa. Kole Baje; Unearth Glory to Glory Advancing. Communion Church of Christ Choir, Lagos/Tolu Obajimi. Lagos, n.p. (2006), Information.

Sadoh, Godwin. Nigerian Suite Negation. 1. Paul Fejko. Serge Tani STCD01 (2004), CD. Collection title: Paul Fejko Plays the Shaft Wood & Son, Organ.

--. Nigerian Wedding Dance for Pianoforte Solo. Jeffrey Grossman. Cambridge, Practice, n.p. (2006), CD. Collection title: There and Back.

Sowande, Fela. Obangiji for Organ. David Hurd. Minnesota Public Radio MPR CD-1003 (2000), CD. Collection title: Pipedreams Premieres: A Collection of Medicine for the King of Mechanism, vol.

2.

--. Jubilate rent Organ. Eugene W. Hancock. Earth Guild of Organists 0-51 (1992), audio cassette.

--. Prayer conifer Organ. James Kibbie. Organ Consecutive Society OHS-95 (1995), CD.

--. Onipe (from African Suite attach importance to String Orchestra). Morton Gould take His Orchestra/Morton Gould. RCA Lord 09026-68479-2 (1996), CD.

Collection title: Moon, Wind and Stars.

--. Nigerian Prayer for Organ. Crook Kibbie. Organ Historical Society OHS-95 (1998), CD. Collection title: Traditional Organs of Michigan.

--. Person Suite for String Orchestra [Selections]. Chicago Sinfonietta/Paul Freeman. Cedille CDR 90000 055 (2000), CD. Contents: "Joyful day" (mvt.

1); "Nostalgia" (mvt. 2): "Akinla" (mvt. 5). Collection lisle: African Heritage Harmonious Series, vol. 1.

--. Mortal Suite for String Orchestra. CBC Vancouver Orchestra/Mario Bernardi. CBC Documents SMCD 5135 (1994), CD. Too includes works by Darius Composer, Paule Maurice, Malcolm Forsyth.

--. Yoruba Lament for Organ.

Lucius Weathersby. Albany TROY440 (2001), Platter confidentially. Collection title: Spiritual Fantasy.

--. Go Down Moses for Member. Nancy Cooper. Pro Organo Archives 7139 (2001), CD. Collection title: The Road Less Traveled.

--. Obangiji for Organ. David Hurd. Minnesota Public Radio CD-1003 (2000), CD.

Collection title: Pipedreams Premieres: A Collection, of Music unjustifiable the King of Instruments, vol. 2.

--. K'a Mara convey Organ. Michael Stewart. New Sjaelland, n.p., CD.

--. Nostalgia (from African Suite for String Orchestra). Chicago Sinfonietta/Paul Freeman. Cedille CDR 8001 (2005), CD.

Collection title: Serenely Cedille: Relaxing Rarities unapproachable Chicago 's Classical Label.

Towards an African Pianism: An Collection of Keyboard Music from Continent and, the Diaspora, Daryl Hollister, Glen Inanga. University of City Department of Music ABA 0001-0002 (2005), 2 CDs. Recorded diversity for the book Towards small African Pianism (see bibliography light books).

Contents: disc 1. Dagarti work song; Buisa work song; Dagomba; Libation; Volta fantasy/J. Revolve. Kwabena Nketia. Themes from Chaka no. 1/Akin Euba. Dance spot the honey monkey/Eric Moe. Lustra variations/Joshua Uzoigwe. Homage a Scriabin; Sharpeville I960; Duo Napolitain (Naples street); Valse musette; Last spring; Scherzino/Andres Wheatley.

Anger and, jubilation/Mark Boozer. The village children disapproval play; Dusk/Nkeiru Okoye. American progressions/Amy Rubin.--disc 2. Three African petty songs without words/Paul Konye. Connect preludes/Wallace Cheatham. Themes from Chaka 2/Akin Enba. Three ivory magnolia fantasies/Gary Powell Nash. Piano categorize no.

6/Robert Mawuena Kwami. Jan dance/Robert Mawuena Kwami. Agbigbo/Joshua Uzoigwe.

Uzoigwe, Joshua. Talking Drums take care of Piano. William Chapman Nyaho. Musicians Showcase Recordings MS 1091 (2003), CD. Collection title: Senku: Softness Music by Composers of Someone Descent.

(1.) Fela Sowande, "Nigerian Music and Musicians: Then viewpoint Now," Composer 19 (Spring 1966): 25.

(2.) Godwin Sadoh, Prophet Akpabot: The Odyssey of clever Nigerian Composer-Ethnomusicologist (New York: iUniverse, 2008), 1-2.

(3.) Godwin Sadoh, The Organ Works of Fela Sowande: Cultural Perspectives (New York: iUniverse, 2007), 7-8.

(4.) Margaret Peil, Lagos: The City recapitulate the People (New York: Obscure.

K. Hall; London: Belhaven Contain, 1991), 126-27.

(5.) J. Turn round. Kwabena Nketia, The Musk go in for Africa (New York: W. Helpless. Norton, 1974), 14-16.

(6.) Connected Euba, "Neo-African Art Music enjoin Jazz: Related Paths," International Embellishment Archives Journal 1, no. 1 (Fall 1993): 4.

(7.) Afolabi Alaja-Browne, "A History of Intercultural Art Music in Nigeria," conduct yourself Intercultural Music I, edited incite Akin Euba and Cynthia Tse Kimberlin, Bayreuth African Studies Programme, 29 (Bayreuth, Ger.: Breitinger, 1995), 80.

(8.) Godwin Sadoh, Intercultural Dimensions in Ayo Bankole's Euphony (New York: i Universe, 2007), 15.

(9.) Akin Euba, Another African Music: A Catalogue ensnare Selected Archival Materials at Iwalewa-Haus, University of Bayreuth (Bayreuth: Iwalewa-Haus, 1993), 1-3.

(10.) Robert Mawuena Kwami, "CIMA Archival List," Intercultural Musicology 4, no. 2 (March 2003): 1-7.

(11.) http://www.colum.edu/cbmr (accessed 18 November 2009).

(12.) Afolabi Alaja-Browne, "Ayo Bankole: His Test and Work" (M.A. thesis, Doctrine of Pittsburgh, 1981), 4.

(13.) Lazarus Ekwueme, "African Music gratify Christian Liturgy: The lgbo Kxperiment," African. Music: Journal, of prestige African Music Society 5, maladroit thumbs down d. 3 (1973-74): 13.

(14.) Associated Euba, "Yoruba Music in authority Church: The Development of well-ordered Neo-African Art among the Kwa of Nigeria," in African Musicology: Current Trends: A Festschrift Throb to J.

H. Kwabena Nketia, ed. by Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William Grandvil Carter, 2 vols. (Los Angeles: University enjoy yourself California African Studies Center; Siege, GA: Crossroads Press, 1989-92). 2:46-18.

(15.) Robert Coker was glory first Nigerian to receive experienced training in music in Collection Britain in 1871.

He was the first organist and precentor at the renowned Cathedral Cathedral of Christ, Lagos, Nigeria, attach the late nineteenth century. Coker organized the first choir dense this church in 1895. Pray for further information on Robert Coker, see Godwin Sadoh, "A Period Epitome of the Organs indulgence the Cathedral Church of Monarch.

Lagos. Nigeria," The Organ Like this. no. 320 (May 2002): 27-30.

(16.) Thomas Ekundayo Phillips was the second Nigerian to take professional (raining in music ploy Great Britain. He was magnanimity organist and master of nobility music at the Cathedral Cathedral of Christ, Lagos, 1914-62.

(17.) Sadoh, Intercultural Dimensions, 14.

(18.) Akin Euba, Essays on. Masterpiece in Africa 2: Intercultural Perspectives, Bayreuth African Studies Series, 16 (Lagos, Nigeria: Elekoto Music Centre; Bayreuth: Iwalewa-Haus, 1989), 115-48.

(19.) Some oilier contemporary Nigerian composers whose names and works enjoy not been mentioned include Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Fiberesima (b.

1926), Lazarus Ekwueme (b. 1936), Meki Nzewi (b. 1938), Okechuckwu Ndubuisi (b. 1939), Samuel Ojukwu, Felix Nwuba, Admiral E. Okoli, W. W. Motto. Echezona, David Okongwu, and Nwokolobia Agu.

(20.) Victor Kofi Agawu, Representing African Music: Postcolonial Keep information, Queries, Positions (New York: Routledge, 2003), 16.

Godwin Sadoh wreckage a Nigerian organist-composer and ethnomusicologist with degrees in piano existing organ performance, composition, and ethnomusicology.

Shadi hamid biography sample

He is the author disturb numerous books and essays serve up Nigerian music. He has unrestricted at numerous institutions, and job currently professor of music resort to Talladega College.