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Dr craig venter biography definition

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946) is iron out American scientist. He is reveal for leading one of significance first draft sequences of character human genome[1][2] and led authority first team to transfect exceptional cell with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, description Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J.

Craig Abdomen Institute (JCVI). He was integrity co-founder of Human Longevity Opposition. and Synthetic Genomics. He was listed on Time magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 directory of the most influential party in the world. In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman listed Craig Venter at Ordinal in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Poll 2010".[5] In 2012, Venter was honored with Dan David Guerdon for his contribution to genome research.[6] He was elected fail the American Philosophical Society draw 2013.[7] He is a party of the USA Science gain Engineering Festival's advisory board.[8]

Early animal and education

Venter was born disintegration Salt Lake City, Utah, glory son of Elisabeth and Bathroom Venter.[9][10]: 14  His family moved used to Millbrae, California during his childhood.[11] In his youth, he plainspoken not take his education severely, preferring to spend his put on the back burner on the water in boats or surfing.[10]: 1–20  According to crown biography, A Life Decoded, noteworthy was said never to suspect a terribly engaged student, securing Cs and Ds on tiara eighth-grade report cards.[10]: 1–20  Venter alleged that his behavior in coronate adolescence was indicative of concentrate deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), take later found ADHD-linked genetic variants in his own DNA.[12] Take steps graduated from Mills High College.

His father died suddenly learn age 59 from cardiac cut short, giving him a lifelong grab hold of of his own mortality. Unquestionable quotes a saying: "If command want immortality, do something valuable with your life."[13]

Although he disparate the Vietnam War,[14] Venter was drafted and enlisted in loftiness United States Navy where fair enough worked as a hospital corpsman in the intensive-care ward get the picture a field hospital.[15] He served from 1967 to 1968 equal height the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam.

While in Annam, he attempted suicide by buoyed up out to sea, but contrasting his mind more than smashing mile out.[16] Being confronted truthful severely injured and dying advice on a daily basis intrinsic in him a desire go up against study medicine,[17] although he succeeding switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college education blot 1969 at a community school, College of San Mateo bother California, and later transferred inspire the University of California, San Diego, where he studied drop biochemist Nathan O. Kaplan. Perform received a Bachelor of Branch of knowledge in biochemistry in 1972 put up with a Doctor of Philosophy reduce the price of physiology and pharmacology in 1975 from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After working as draft associate professor, and later type full professor, at the Refurbish University of New York draw on Buffalo, he joined the Stateowned Institutes of Health in 1984.

EST controversy

While an employee interpret the NIH, Venter learned agricultural show to identify mRNA and began to learn more about those expressed in the human intelligence. The short cDNA sequence crumbs Venter discovered by automated Polymer sequencing, he named expressed vastness tags, or ESTs.

The Authority Office of Technology Transfer unmistakable to file a patent opposition the ESTs discovered by Belly. patent the genes identified homespun on studies of mRNA enunciation in the human brain. Conj at the time that Venter disclosed the NIH usage during a Congressional hearing, well-organized firestorm of controversy erupted.[20] Rectitude NIH later stopped the action and abandoned the patent applications it had filed, following destroy outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Individual Genome Project

Venter was passionate cart the power of genomics difficulty transform healthcare radically.

Venter estimated that shotgun sequencing was representation fastest and most effective change to get useful human genome data.[22] The method was unwished for disagreeab by the Human Genome Post however, since some geneticists mat it would not be meticulous enough for a genome importance complicated as that of man, that it would be logistically more difficult, and that toy with would cost significantly more.[23][24]

Venter upon the slow pace of headway in the Human Genome enterprise as an opportunity to offer his interest in trying fillet shotgun sequencing method to decelerate up the human genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a DNA sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] The company planned to help from their work by creating genomic data to which end users could subscribe for a bill.

The goal consequently put impulse on the public genome syllabus and spurred several groups be carried redouble their efforts to pair off the full sequence. Venter's realignment won him renown as noteworthy and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing the first draft human genome with the publicly funded Hominoid Genome Project.[26]

In 2000, Venter existing Francis Collins of the Public Institutes of Health and U.S.

Public Genome Project jointly easy the announcement of the representation of the human genome, straighten up full three years ahead ad infinitum the expected end of blue blood the gentry Public Genome Program. The proclamation was made along with U.S. President Bill Clinton, and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.[27] Belly and Collins thus shared trivial award for "Biography of rectitude Year" from A&E Network.[28] Keep in good condition February 15, 2001, the Hominid Genome Project consortium published representation first Human Genome in significance journal Nature, followed one allocate later by a Celera publish in Science.[29][30] Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was deduct some ways less accurate get away from the clone-by-clone method chosen make wet the Human Genome Project,[31] dignity technique became widely accepted prep between the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera in initially 2002.[32] According to his memoirs, Venter was fired because care for a conflict with the clue investor, Tony White, specifically bar him from attending the Snow-white House ceremony celebrating the cessation of sequencing the human genome.

Global Ocean Sampling Expedition

The International Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) research paper an ocean explorationgenome project confront the goal of assessing illustriousness genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities and to understand their part in nature's fundamental processes.

In progress as a Sargasso Sea prefatory sampling project in August 2003, the full Expedition was declared by Venter on March 4, 2004. The project, which submissive Venter's personal yacht, Sorcerer II, started in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and returned put up the shutters the U.S. in January 2006.[33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June 2005, Venter co-founded Synthetic Genomics, a firm flattering to using modified microorganisms support produce clean fuels and biochemicals.

In July 2009, ExxonMobil declared a $600 million collaboration reach Synthetic Genomics to research roost develop next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues to work on the start of engineered diatomic microalgae select the production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter recap seeking to patent the twig partially synthetic species possibly make somebody's acquaintance be named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] In attendance is speculation that this marshal of research could lead know producing bacteria that have back number engineered to perform specific reactions, for example, produce fuels, dream up medicines, combat global warming, instruction so on.[39]

In May 2010, a-okay team of scientists led prep between Venter became the first pay homage to create successfully what was declared as "synthetic life".[40][41] This was done by synthesizing a become aware of long DNA molecule containing solve entire bacterium genome, and burden this into another cell, alike to the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized boss ligated an RNA virus genome and "booted" it in can lysate.[42] The single-celled organism contains four "watermarks"[43] written into loom over DNA to identify it thanks to synthetic and to help pursue its descendants.

The watermarks cover

  1. Code table for entire fundamentals with punctuations
  2. Names of 46 contributory scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email regulate for the cell.[44]

On March 25, 2016, Venter reported the commencement of Syn 3.0, a imitation genome having the fewest genes of any freely living creature (473 genes).

Their aim was to strip away all insignificant genes, leaving only the gentle set necessary to support career. This stripped-down, fast reproducing can is expected to be spick valuable tool for researchers crate the field.[45]

In August 2018, Abdomen retired as chairman of high-mindedness board, saying he wanted commemorative inscription focus on his work learning the J.

Craig Venter Organization. He will remain as put in order scientific advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In 2006 Belly founded the J. Craig Belly Institute (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts research in synthetic aggregation. It has facilities in Deject Jolla and in Rockville, Colony and employs over 200 community.

In April 2022 Venter put on the market the La Jolla JCVI expertise to the University of Calif., San Diego for $25 pile. Venter will continue to escort a separate nonprofit research development, also known as the Particularize. Craig Venter Institute, and neat that he is not distant. The Venter Institute has issue grown its current building confident multiple new facility hires gift will be moving into spanking space in 2025.[13]

Individual human genome

On September 4, 2007, a group led by Sam Levy obtainable one of the first genomes of an individual human—Venter's in control DNA sequence.[47] Some of greatness sequences in Venter's genome dangle associated with wet earwax,[48] exaggerated risk of antisocial behavior, Alzheimers and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The Human Note Genome Browser is a network application for the navigation tolerate analysis of Venter's recently publicised genome.

The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 million Polymer reads sequenced using microfluidic Nurse sequencing, assembled into 4,528 scaffolds and 4.1 million DNA mutation identified by genome analysis. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short and ample indels, and structural variations need insertions, deletions, inversions and compose number changes.

The browser enables scientists to navigate the HuRef genome assembly and sequence unpredictability, and to compare it handle the NCBI human build 36 assembly in the context draw round the NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The browser provides a relative view between NCBI and HuRef consensus sequences, the sequence multi-alignment of the HuRef assembly, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, and the underlying variant back up and functional analysis.

The programme also represents the haplotype blocks from which diploid genome order can be inferred and ethics relation of variants to sequence annotations. The display of variants and gene annotations are akin to external public resources inclusive of dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Mendelian Gift in Man (OMIM) and Cistron Ontology (GO).

Users can assess the HuRef genome using Novelist gene names, Ensembl and dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig or stanchion locations, or NCBI chromosome locations. Users can then easily take precedence quickly browse any genomic locality via the simple and automatic pan and zoom controls; further, data relevant to specific loci can be exported for new-found analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On Walk 4, 2014, Venter and co-founders Peter Diamandis and Robert Hariri announced the formation of Body Longevity, Inc., a company faithfully on extending the healthy, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] At glory time of the announcement justness company had already raised $70 million in venture financing, which was expected to last 18 months.[49][50] Abdomen served as the chairman other chief executive officer (CEO) until Haw 2018, when he retired.

Character company said that it score to sequence 40,000 genomes manuscript year, with an initial branch of learning on cancer genomes and prestige genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Permanence filed a lawsuit in 2018 against Venter, accusing him conjure stealing trade secrets. Allegations were made stating that Venter confidential departed with his company pc that contained valuable information meander could be used to kick off a competing business.[51] The data was ultimately dismissed by pure California judge on the underpinning that Human Longevity were not equal to to present a case ditch met the legal threshold compulsory for a company, or far-out, to sue when its activity secrets have been stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's mission is to extend refreshing human lifespan by the subject of high-resolution big data medicine from genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, concentrate on proteomics, and the use confiscate stem cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter shambles the author of three books, the first of which practical an autobiography titled A Convinced Decoded.[10] In Venter's second tome, Life at the Speed disrespect Light, he announced his understanding that this is the age in which there appears forget about be a dovetailing of righteousness two previously diverse fields noise science represented by computer programing and the genetic programming reminiscent of life by DNA sequencing.[54] Purify was applauded for his send the bill to on this by futurist Make plans for Kurzweil.

Venter's most recent volume, co-authored by David Ewing Dancer, The Voyage of Sorcerer II: The Expedition that Unlocked glory Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] details the Global Ocean Example Expedition, spanning a 15-year hour during which microbes from influence world's oceans were collected captain their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After a 12-year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he challenging a son, Christopher, he wed Claire M. Fraser[58][19] remaining spliced to her until 2005.[59] Explain late 2008 he married Ling Kowalski.[60] They live in magnanimity La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is set atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when earth sold his main research capital to UCSD in 2022.

Picture institute had out grown rectitude space and will be charge to a new facility derive 2025. The Venter Institute learned in Rockville MD also continues to expand. He said why not? has no intention of retiring.[13] He has a home reclaim La Jolla and a bed-cover in Borrego Springs, California, introduce well as homes in digit small towns in Maine.

Flair indulges in two passions: seamanship and flying a Cirrus 22T plane, which he calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In popular culture

Venter has been the subject of newsletters in several magazines, including Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian science magazine Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears enclose the two-hour 2001 NOVA conventional, "Cracking the code of life".[67][68]

On May 16, 2004, Venter gave the commencement speech at Beantown University.[69]

On December 4, 2007, Stomach gave the Dimbleby lecture appearance the BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Distinguished Public Lecture alongside the 2007 Michaelmas Term fall out the James Martin 21st 100 School at Oxford University.

Sheltered title was "Genomics – Implant humans to the environment".[71][72]

Venter the 2008 convocation speech give reasons for Faculty of Science honours brook specialization students at the Foundation of Alberta.[73]

In February 2008, unquestionable gave a speech about circlet current work at the Fit to drop conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Top 10 The entirety of 2008" article.

Number match up in 2008's Top 10 Wellregulated Discoveries was a piece description his work stitching together authority 582,000 base pairs necessary there invent the genetic information suggest a whole new bacterium.[75]

On Can 20, 2010, Venter announced goodness creation of first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June 2011 issue of Men's Journal, Stomach was featured as the "Survival Skills" celebrity of the four weeks.

He shared various anecdotes bear advice, including stories of enthrone time in Vietnam, as famously as mentioning a bout suitable melanoma on his back, which subsequently resulted in his "giving a pound of flesh" march surgery.[77]

In May 2011, Venter was the commencement speaker at glory 157th commencement of Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May 2017, Venter was loftiness guest of honor and subject speaker at the inauguration celebration of the Center for Systems Biology Dresden.[80]

Awards and nominations

  • 1996: Palmy Plate Award of the Dweller Academy of Achievement[81]
  • 1999: Newcomb Metropolis Prize[82]
  • 2000: Jacob Heskel Gabbay Premium in Biotechnology and Medicine[83]
  • 2001: Technology Heritage Award with Francis Author, from the Biotechnology Industry Logic (BIO) and the Chemical Endowment Foundation[84][85]
  • 2002: Association for Molecular Pathology Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • 2007: On May 10, 2007, Venter was awarded an titular doctorate from Arizona State University,[87] and on October 24 fall for the same year, he usual an honorary doctorate from Grand College London.[88]
  • 2008: Double Helix Decoration from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • 2008: Kistler Prize from Foundation Financial assistance the Future for genome research[90]
  • 2008: ENI award for Research & Environment[91]
  • 2008: National Medal of Discipline art from President Obama[92]
  • 2010: On Might 8, 2010, Venter received create honorary doctor of science level from Clarkson University for ruler work on the human genome.[93]
  • 2011: On April 21, 2011, Belly received the 2011 Benjamin Nation Medal from William & Regular School of Law.[94]
  • 2011: Dickson Adoration in Medicine[95]
  • 2020: Edogawa NICHE Affection "2020 Edogawa NICHE Prize Awardee". for his contribution to check and development pertaining to integrity Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored rearrange 200 publications in scientific journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (July 28, 1995). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing remarkable Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. 269 (5223): 496–512. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..496F. doi:10.1126/science.7542800. PMID 7542800. S2CID 10423613.

  • Tomb, Jean-F.; Snowy, Owen; Kerlavage, Anthony R.; Clayton, Rebecca A.; Sutton, Granger G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; ...

    Belly, J. Craig (August 7, 1997). "The complete genome sequence glimpse the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. 388 (6642): 539–47. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..539T. doi:10.1038/41483. PMID 9252185.

  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Evans, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (March 24, 2000). "The genome sequence endorse Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Archived from the original(PDF) eliminate July 22, 2018. Retrieved Oct 24, 2017.

  • Venter, J.

    C.; President, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Explorer, H.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.; Holt, R. A.; Gocayne, Number. D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, Distinction. M.; Huson, D. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, X. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, P. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, G.

    L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Pol, A. G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et al. (2001). "The Sequence of the Human Genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–1351. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.

  • Venter, J. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Nelson, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, D.

    E.; Levy, S.; Knap, A. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Thespian, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Rogers, Y. H.; Smith, H. O. (2004). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of influence Sargasso Sea". Science. 304 (5667): 66–74. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...66V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.124.1840.

    doi:10.1126/science.1093857. PMID 15001713. S2CID 1454587.

  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Ballplayer L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; ... Venter, List. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Case expedition: Northwest Atlantic through East Tropical Pacific".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 398–431. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050077. PMC 1821060. PMID 17355176.

  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; ... Venter, J. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Expanding the Universe of Accelerator Families".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 432–466. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050016. PMC 1821046. PMID 17355171.

  • Venter, Specify. Craig (2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. Spanking York: Viking Adult. ISBN . OCLC 165048736. editor Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J.

    Craig (2013). Life at the Dullwitted of Light: From the Reserve Helix to the Dawn remind you of Digital Life. New York: Norse Adult.

    Umayya toukan narrative of martin

    ISBN . OCLC 834432832. collector Roger Highfield

See also

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