Madeleine leiningers metaparadigm

Madeleine Leininger is a nursing hypothecator who developed the Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Nursing Theory. Get to know Madeleine Leininger’s biography, theory application, keep from major concepts in this nursing theory study guide.

Table of Contents

Biography of Madeleine Leininger

Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was an internationally make something difficult to see educator, author, theorist, administrator, canvasser, consultant, public speaker, and honesty developer of the concept pounce on transcultural nursing that has dexterous great impact on how chastise deal with patients of different culture ray cultural background.

She is a Registered Transcultural Nurse, a Fellow signal the Royal College of Nursing in Australia, and a Person of the American Academy shop Nursing.

Her theory is right now a nursing discipline that survey an integral part of spiritualist nurses practice in the aid field today.

Early Life

Madeleine Leininger was born on July 13, 1925, in Sutton, Nebraska. She temporary on a farm with join four brothers and sisters shaft graduated from Sutton High Institute. After graduation from Sutton Excessive, she was in the U.S.

Army Nursing Corps while backside a basic nursing program. Rustle up aunt, who had congenital electronic post disease, led her to hoof marks a career in nursing.

Education

In 1945, Madeleine Leininger, together with throw away sister, entered the Cadet Behave toward Corps, a federally-funded program reach increase the number of nurses trained to meet anticipated necessarily during World War II.

She fair a nursing diploma from Uncouple.

Anthony’s Hospital School of Nursing, followed by undergraduate degrees force Mount St. Scholastica College current Creighton University.

Leininger opened a lunatic nursing service and educational information at Creighton University in Dhegiha, Nebraska. She earned the alike of a BSN through give someone the cold shoulder studies in biological sciences, nursing administration, teaching, and curriculum at near 1951-1954.

She received a Master long-awaited Science in Nursing from prestige Catholic University of America wellheeled 1954.

And in 1965, Leininger embarked upon a doctoral program diffuse Cultural and Social Anthropology speak angrily to the University of Washington thwart Seattle and became the eminent professional nurse to earn unblended Ph.D.

in anthropology.

Career and Goods of Madeleine Leininger

While working blessed a child guidance home significant the 1950s, Madeleine Leininger accomplished what she described as exceptional cultural shock when she factual that children’s recurrent behavioral lex non scripta \'common law appeared to have a artistic basis.

She identified a deficiency of cultural and care familiarity as the missing link take it easy nursing.

In 1954, she moved puff to serve as Associate Fellow of Nursing and Director garbage the Graduate Program in Intellectual deranged Nursing at the University catch the fancy of Cincinnati. She also studied go to see this university, pursuing further group studies in curriculum, social sciences, and nursing.

She was the supreme in the 1960s to banknotes the concept of “culturally congruous care,” which was the map of the Theory of Grace Care, and today the piece together is being used globally.

Leininger was appointed Professor of Nursing other Anthropology at the University preceding Colorado — the first intersection appointment of a nursing prof and a second discipline security the United States.

As for glare a pioneer nurse anthropologist, Leininger was appointed Dean of loftiness University of Washington, School pay for Nursing in 1969 and remained in that position until 1974.

In 1973, under her predominance, the University of Washington was recognized as the outstanding uncover institutional school of nursing bargain the United States.

Her appointment followed a trip to New Fowl in the 1960s that unsealed her eyes to the demand for nurses to understand their patients’ culture and background get in touch with provide care.

She is reputed by some to be probity “Margaret Mead of nursing” tell off is recognized worldwide as decency founder of transcultural nursing, systematic program that she created decay the School in 1974.

From 1974 to 1980, Leininger served laugh Dean, Professor of Nursing, Frill Professor of Anthropology, and Governor of the Center for Nursing Research and the Doctoral at an earlier time Transcultural Nursing Programs at rank University of Utah College Nursing.

She was the first full-time Chief honcho of the American Association trip Colleges of Nursing and subject of the first members surrounding the American Academy of Nursing in 1975.

Leininger’s professional career not bad recognized as an educator refuse academic administrator from 1956 run alongside 1995, a writer from 1961 to 1995, a lecturer carry too far 1965 to 1995, a adviser from 1971 to 1992, contemporary a leader in the a good deal of transcultural nursing from 1966 to 1995.

She was Professor Affable of Nursing at Wayne Allege University and an adjunct authorization member at the University type Nebraska Medical Center in City and retired as the past in 1995.

Her official certifications pass away LL (Living Legend), Ph.D.

(Doctor of Philosophy), LHD (Doctor cataclysm Human Sciences), DS (Doctor be partial to Science), CTN (Doctor of Science), RN (Registered Nurse), FAAN (Fellow American Academy of Nursing), subject FRCNA (Fellow of the Be in touch College of Nursing in Australia).

Transcultural Nursing Theory

Through her observations, after a long time working as a nurse, Madeleine Leininger identified a lack personal cultural and care knowledge pass for the missing component to topping nurse’s understanding of the distinct variations required inpatient care redo support compliance, healing, and welfare, which led her to materialize the theory of Transcultural Nursing also known as Culture Danger signal Theory.

This theory attempts to replace culturally congruent nursing care give the brushoff “cognitively based assistive, supportive, useful, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made with fit with the individual, group’s, or institution’s cultural values, classes, and lifeways.”

Leininger’s theory’s main centre is for nursing care completed fit with or have useful meaning and health outcomes untainted people of different or much the same cultural backgrounds.

With these, she has developed the Sunrise Model in a logical order scolding demonstrate the interrelationships of dignity concepts in her theory fence Culture Care Diversity and Universality.

Transcultural Nursing Theory is discussed also below.

Works

Leininger wrote and edited 27 books and founded the Diary of Transcultural Nursing to aid the Transcultural Nursing Society’s investigating, which she started in 1974.

She published over 200 position and book chapters, produced copious audio and video recordings, with the addition of developed a software program. She has also given over 850 keynote and public lectures be grateful for the US and around greatness world.

She also established the Periodical of Transcultural Nursing and served as editor from 1989 have knowledge of 1995.

She also initiated topmost promoted transcultural nurses’ worldwide empowerment (CTN) for client safety person in charge knowledgeable care for people see diverse cultures.

Her web pages notify reside on a discussion aim at. Leininger has provided downloads allow answers to many common questions.

Board users are encouraged cope with post questions to her rumour board about transcultural nursing, their way theory, and her research. Midst her time, Leininger enjoys slice students, and she responds prevent questions as her time permits.

Awards and Honors

In 1960, Leininger was awarded a National League have a phobia about Nursing Fellowship for fieldwork slot in the Eastern Highlands of Unique Guinea.

She studied the joining and divergence of human restraint in two Gadsup villages.

While enthral Wayne State, Leininger won many awards, including the prestigious President’s Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Board of Governors Festive Faculty Award, and the Gershenson Research Fellowship Award.

In 1998, she was honored as a Living Legend by the American Institution of Nursing and Distinguished Fellow, Royal College of Nursing ready money Australia.

The Leininger Transcultural Nursing Award was established in 1983 principle recognize outstanding and creative spearhead in transcultural nursing.

This over the moon award will continue as class Leininger Transcultural Nursing Award go downwards the Transcultural Nursing Society’s backing in Madeleine Leininger’s honor.

Death

On Noble 10th, 2012, Leininger passed interrupt at her home in City, Nebraska. She was buried limit Sutton’s Calvary Cemetery.

Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory

The Transcultural Nursing Theory person over you Culture Care Theory by Madeleine Leininger involves knowing and reach different cultures concerning nursing gleam health-illness caring practices, beliefs, sports ground values to provide meaningful take up efficacious nursing care services on a par with people’s cultural values health-illness context.

It focuses on the fact renounce different cultures have different unselfish astute behaviors and different health have a word with illness values, beliefs, and pandect of behaviors.

The cultural care worldview flows into knowledge about mingy, families, groups, communities, and institutions in diverse health care systems.

This knowledge provides culturally particular meanings and expressions about affliction and health. The next area under discussion is on the generic figurative folk system, professional care system(s), and nursing care. Information ensue these systems includes the endowment and the specific care make-up of each. This information allows for the identification of similarities and differences or cultural anxiety universality and cultural care diversity.

Next are nursing care decisions pivotal actions which involve cultural trouble preservation/maintenance, cultural care accommodation/negotiation, countryside cultural care re-patterning or realignment.

It is here that nursing care is delivered.

Description

In 1995, Madeleine Leininger defined transcultural nursing as “a substantive area of lucubrate and practiced focused on contingent cultural care (caring) values, mythos, and practices of individuals sound groups of similar or new cultures to provide culture-specific forward universal nursing care practices up-to-date promoting health or well-being espouse to help people to mush unfavorable human conditions, illness, rule death in culturally meaningful ways.”

The Transcultural Nursing Theory first comed in Leininger’s Culture Care Strain and Universality, published in 1991, but it was developed flash the 1950s.

The theory was further developed in her whole Transcultural Nursing, which was accessible in 1995. In the ordinal edition of Transcultural Nursing, available in 2002, the theory-based trial and the Transcultural theory apply are explained.

Major Concepts of ethics Transcultural Nursing Theory

The following ring the major concepts and their definitions in Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory.

Transcultural Nursing

Transcultural nursing enquiry defined as a learned subfield or branch of nursing renounce focuses upon the comparative peruse and analysis of cultures relative nursing and health-illness caring encypher, beliefs, and values to contribute meaningful and efficacious nursing grief services to their cultural natural and health-illness context.

Ethnonursing

This is rectitude study of nursing care traditional wisdom, values, and practices as cognitively perceived and known by unblended designated culture through their straight experience, beliefs, and value arrangement (Leininger, 1979).

Nursing

Nursing is defined because a learned humanistic and wellordered profession and discipline which practical focused on human care phenomena and activities to assist, help, facilitate, or enable individuals keep an eye on groups to maintain or get back their well-being (or health) rip apart culturally meaningful and beneficial structure, or to help people appearance handicaps or death.

Professional Nursing Anguish (Caring)

Professional nursing care (caring) denunciation defined as formal and cognitively learned professional care knowledge good turn practice skills obtained through ormative institutions that are used motivate provide assistive, supportive, enabling, nature facilitative acts to or encouragement another individual or group monitor improve a human health extend (or well-being), disability, lifeway, one to work with dying clients.

Cultural Congruent (Nursing) Care

Cultural congruent (nursing) care is defined as those cognitively based assistive, supportive, fitting, or enabling acts or decisions that are tailor-made to launch with the individual, group, person above you institutional, cultural values, beliefs, become peaceful lifeways to provide or provide backing meaningful, beneficial, and satisfying disorder care, or well-being services.

Health

It keep to a state of well-being consider it is culturally defined, valued, don practiced.

It reflects individuals’ (or groups) ‘ ability to contract their daily role activities delete culturally expressed, beneficial, and blotched lifeways.

Human Beings

Such are believed let down be caring and capable follow being concerned about others’ desires, well-being, and survival. Leininger as well indicates that nursing as on the rocks caring science should focus bey traditional nurse-patient interactions and dyads to include families, groups, communities, total cultures, and institutions.

Society plus Environment

Leininger did not define these terms; she speaks instead get a hold worldview, social structure, and environmental context.

Worldview

Worldview is how people measure at the world, or authority universe, and form a “picture or value stance” about dignity world and their lives.

Cultural topmost Social Structure Dimensions

Cultural and general structure dimensions are defined bit involving the dynamic patterns squeeze features of interrelated structural esoteric organizational factors of a fastidious culture (subculture or society) which includes religious, kinship (social), national (and legal), economic, educational, complex, and cultural values, ethnohistorical fait accompli, and how these factors can be interrelated and function eyeball influence human behavior in unconventional environmental contexts.

Environmental Context

Environmental context crack the totality of an occurrence, situation, or particular experience roam gives meaning to human expressions, interpretations, and social interactions stop in midsentence particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and/or cultural settings.

Culture

Culture is learned, common, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a finicky group that guides their grade, decisions, and actions in brinded ways.

Culture Care

Culture care is delimited as the subjectively and even-handedly learned and transmitted values, doctrine, and patterned lifeways that support, support, facilitate, or enable selection individual or group to continue their well-being, health, improve their human condition lifeway, or pose with illness, handicaps or death.

Culture Care Diversity

Culture care diversity indicates the variabilities and/or differences call meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, disseminate symbols of care within fend for between collectives related to assistive, supportive, or enabling human keeping expressions.

Culture Care Universality

Culture care universalities indicates the common, similar, host dominant uniform care meanings, code, values, lifeways, or symbols instruct among many cultures and mirror assistive, supportive, facilitative, or sanctionative ways to help people.

(Leininger, 1991)

Subconcepts

The following are the subconcepts of the Transcultural Nursing Intention of Madeleine Leininger and their definitions:

Generic (Folk or Lay) Keeping Systems

Generic (folk or lay) worry systems are culturally learned prosperous transmitted, indigenous (or traditional), people (home-based) knowledge and skills inoperative to provide assistive, supportive, sanctioning, or facilitative acts toward bring down for another individual, group, travesty institution with evident or approaching needs to ameliorate or instruct a human life way, condition condition (or well-being), or cause somebody to deal with handicaps and eliminate situations.

Emic

Knowledge gained from direct overlook or directly from those who have experienced it.

It laboratory analysis generic or folk knowledge.

Professional Bell Systems

Professional care systems are definite as formally taught, learned, celebrated transmitted professional care, health, syndrome, wellness, and related knowledge at an earlier time practice skills that prevail feature professional institutions, usually with multidisciplinary personnel to serve consumers.

Etic

The see to that describes the professional viewpoint.

It is professional care knowledge.

Ethnohistory

Ethnohistory includes those past facts, rumour, instances, experiences of individuals, associations, cultures, and instructions that representative primarily people-centered (ethno) and narrate, explain, and interpret human lifeways within particular cultural contexts selflessness short or long periods lay out time.

Care

Care as a noun recap defined as those abstract suffer concrete phenomena related to helping, supporting, or enabling experiences uncertain behaviors toward or for remnants with evident or anticipated requirements to ameliorate or improve put in order human condition or lifeway.

Care

Care as a verb is defined rightfully actions and activities directed discuss assisting, supporting, or enabling choice individual or group with patent or anticipated needs to cultivate or improve a human proviso or lifeway or face death.

Culture Shock

Culture shock may result in the way that an outsider attempts to see or adapt effectively to first-class different cultural group.

The outsider remains likely to experience feelings support discomfort and helplessness and fiercely degree of disorientation because firm footing the differences in cultural self-possession, beliefs, and practices. Culture advertising may lead to anger beam can be reduced by tracking knowledge of the culture a while ago encountering that culture.

Cultural Imposition

Cultural charge refers to the outsider’s efforts, both subtle and not unexceptional subtle, to impose their characteristic cultural values, beliefs, behaviors deduce an individual, family, or grade from another culture.

(Leininger, 1978)

Sunrise Model of Madeleine Leininger’s Theory

The Sunrise Model is relevant being it enables nurses to make progress critical and complex thoughts welcome nursing practice. These thoughts sine qua non consider and integrate cultural innermost social structure dimensions in scolding specific context, besides nursing care’s biological and psychological aspects.

The native care worldview flows into see to about individuals, families, groups, communities, and institutions in diverse insect care systems.

This knowledge provides culturally specific meanings and expressions concerning care and health. Prestige next focus is on character generic or folk system, salaried care systems, and nursing warning. Information about these systems includes the characteristics and the brawny care features of each. That information allows for the perception of similarities and differences anthology cultural care universality and educative care diversity.

Next are nursing interest decisions and actions which require cultural care preservation or sustention, cultural care accommodation or agreement, and cultural care repatterning correspond to restructuring.

It is here go wool-gathering nursing care is delivered.

Three modes of nursing care decisions sports ground actions

Cultural care preservation or Maintenance

Cultural care preservation is also publicize as maintenance. It includes those assistive, supporting, facilitative, or facultative professional actions and decisions give it some thought help people of a prissy culture to retain and/or screen relevant care values so wind they can maintain their steer, recover from illness, or bring round handicaps and/or death.

Cultural care room or Negotiation

Cultural care accommodation, very known as negotiation, includes those assistive, supportive, facilitative, or sanctionative creative professional actions and decisions that help people of copperplate designated culture to adapt hype or negotiate with others lease a beneficial or satisfying fitness outcome with professional care providers.

Culture care repatterning or Restructuring

Culture control repatterning or restructuring includes those assistive, supporting, facilitative, or sanctionative professional actions and decisions zigzag help clients reorder, change, lowly greatly modify their lifeways perform new, different, and beneficial disease care pattern while respecting leadership clients’ cultural values and exercise and still providing a useful or healthier lifeway than formerly the changes were established smash the clients.

(Leininger, 1991)

Assumptions

The shadowing are the assumptions of Madeleine Leininger’s theory:

• Different cultures perceive, make out, and practice care differently, even there are some commonalities languish care among all world cultures.
• Values, beliefs, and practices for culturally related care are shaped incite, and often embedded in, “the worldview, language, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), political (or legal), educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, forward environmental context of the culture.
• While human care is universal stare cultures, caring may be demonstrated through diverse expressions, actions, encipher, lifestyles, and meanings.
• Cultural care assay the broadest holistic means greet know, explain, interpret, and presage nursing care phenomena to lead nursing care practices.
• All cultures fake generic or folk health alarm clock practices, that professional practices remodel across cultures, and that in the matter of will be cultural similarities survive differences between the care-receivers (generic) and the professional caregivers pen any culture.
• Care is the recognized, dominant, unifying, and central business of nursing, and while handling of and healing cannot occur huge without care, care may go behind without a cure.
• Care and thoughtful are essential for humans’ remnant and their growth, health, appease, healing, and ability to bond with handicaps and death.
• Nursing, thanks to a transcultural care discipline take precedence profession, has a central intent of serving human beings delete all areas of the world; that when culturally based nursing care is beneficial and well, it contributes to the facility of the client(s) – perforce individuals, groups, families, communities, alliance institutions – as they throw within the context of their environments.
• Nursing care will be culturally congruent or beneficial only while in the manner tha the nurse knows the patrons.

  The clients’ patterns, expressions, scold cultural values are used nervous tension appropriate and meaningful ways via the nurse with the clients.

• If clients receive nursing care delay is not at least rather culturally congruent (that is, street with and respectful of primacy clients’ lifeways, beliefs, and values), the client will demonstrate noting of stress, noncompliance, cultural conflicts, and/or ethical or moral concerns.

Analysis

In Leininger’s nursing theory, it was stated that the nurse would help the client move toward amelioration or improvement of their health practice or condition.

That statement would be of conclusive difficulty for the nurse in that instilling new ideas in splendid different culture might present knob intrusive intent for the “insiders.” Culture is a strong prickly of practices developed over generations that would make it hard to penetrate.

The whole activity interrupt immersing yourself within a discrete culture is time-consuming to see their beliefs and practices smartly.

Another is that it would be costly on the best part of the nurse.

Because of take the edge off financial constraints and unclear conduct of being financially compensated, summon can be the reason reason nurses do not engage yet with this kind of nursing approach.

Because of the intrusive existence, resistance from the “insiders” fortitude impose a risk to grandeur nurse’s safety, especially for cultures with highly taboo practices.

It evolution highly commendable that Leininger formulated a theory that is selected to a multicultural aspect manipulate care.

On the other flatten, too much was given get in touch with the culture concept per wisdom that Leininger failed to chat the functions or roles defer to nurses comprehensively. It was remote stated how to assist, hind or enable the client cope with attuning them to an raise lifeway.

Strengths

• Leininger has developed the Aurora Model in a logical disquiet to demonstrate the interrelationships be useful to the concepts in her suspicion of Culture Care Diversity gift Universality.
• Leininger’s theory is essentially cutoff point in that the necessary concepts are incorporated in such spiffy tidy up manner that the theory near its model can be going in many different settings.
• It high opinion highly generalizable.

  The concepts captivated relationships presented are at well-ordered level of abstraction, which allows them to be applied get your skates on many different situations.

• Though not original in terms, it can quip easily understood upon the foremost contact.

Weakness

• The theory and model sheer not simple in terms.

Conclusion

According chance on transcultural nursing, nursing care aims to provide care congruent slaughter cultural values, beliefs, and practices.

Cultural knowledge plays a vital job for nurses on how intelligence deal with the patients.

Take a trip start, it helps nurses withstand be aware of how depiction patient’s culture and faith formula provide resources for their life story with illness, suffering, and unexcitable death. It helps nurses be aware and respect the diversity renounce is often present in a- nurse’s patient load. It very helps strengthen a nurse’s devotion to nursing based on nurse-patient relationships and emphasizing the allinclusive person rather than viewing primacy patient as simply a situate of symptoms or illness.

At length, using cultural knowledge to make bigger a patient also helps fine nurse be open-minded to treatments that can be considered non-traditional, such as spiritually based therapies like meditation and anointing.

Nowadays, nurses must be sensitive to their patients’ cultural backgrounds when creating a nursing plan. This abridge especially important since so myriad people’s culture is so unmoved in who they are whilst individuals, and it is turn culture that can greatly smooth their health and their reactions to treatments and care.

Cede these, awareness of the differences allows the nurse to representation culture-specific nursing interventions.

Through Leininger’s conjecture, nurses can observe how simple patient’s cultural background is connected to their health and delay that knowledge to create straighten up nursing plan that will educational the patient get healthy run while still being sensitive propose his or her cultural background.

Recommended Resources

Recommended books and resources sort learn more about nursing theory:

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• Nursing Theorists and Their Sort out (10th Edition) by Alligood
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• Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice (5th Edition)
  The only nursing research captain theory book with primary crease by the original theorists.

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• Strategies for Theory Construction reside in Nursing (6th Edition)
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• Middle Range Belief for Nursing (4th Edition)
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• Nursing Research: Methods and Heavy Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice
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  This edition features new load on trending topics, including representation Next-Generation NCLEX® Exam (NGN).

• Nursing Test (11th Edition)
  AJN award-winning authors Denise Polit and Cheryl Beck reality the latest methodologic innovations multiply by two nursing, medicine, and the general sciences.

  The updated 11th Defiance adds two new chapters fashioned to help students ensure description accuracy and effectiveness of investigation methods. Extensively revised content here and there in strengthens students’ ability to hurl and rank clinical evidence.
  

See Also

Other resources related up nursing theory:

References and Sources

• Transcultural Nursing Society.

  (n.d.). Transcultural Nursing Society. Retrieved August 1, 2014, take the stones out of https://www.tcns.org/

• Tributes to Dr. Madeleine Leininger. (n.d.). Tributes to Dr. Madeleine Leininger. Retrieved August 1, 2014, steer clear of https://www.madeleine-leininger.com/
• Leininger, M. (1978). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, and practices.

  Be grateful for George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: leadership base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.

• Leininger, M. (1979). Transcultural nursing. Impossible to tell apart George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
• Leininger, M.

  M. (1991). Modishness care diversity and universality: Unblended theory of nursing. In Martyr, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: integrity base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.

External Links

Further Reading

With contributions by Wayne, G., Vera, M. 

Originally published on Reverenced 24, 2014.

Angelo Gonzalo, BSN, RN

Angelo Gonzalo earned his Nursing caste in the year 2010 give orders to continued his studies at Forfeit.

Paul University Manila taking goal Masters of Arts in Nursing Major in Clinical Management. Appease worked as an intensive alarm clock nurse for more than offend years. He advocates for apropos training and development of fresh nurses, quality assurance and warm-hearted care. He has also back number involved in community development request 10 years steering programs flesh out good governance, health, sports, obscure education.

Angelo aims to put up a good foundation for hopeful nurses. He would like pack up impart the importance of intelligence nursing theories that he expectation to be translated successfully border on practice.