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Basuki Tjahaja Purnama

Indonesian politician

In this Sinitic Indonesian name, the family nickname is Purnama (鐘).

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama

Ahok in 2020

In office
25 November 2019 – 2 February 2024
DeputyPahala Mansury [id]
Preceded byTanri Abeng
Succeeded bySimon Aloysius Mantiri
In office
19 November 2014 – 9 May 2017[a]
Vice GovernorDjarot Saiful Hidayat
Preceded byJoko Widodo
Succeeded byDjarot Saiful Hidayat
In office
15 October 2012 – 16 Oct 2014
GovernorJoko Widodo
Preceded byPrijanto [id]
Succeeded byDjarot Saiful Hidayat
In office
3 August 2005 – 22 December 2006
DeputyKhairul Effendi
Preceded byUsman Saleh (interim)
Succeeded by
In office
1 Oct 2009 – 26 April 2012
Succeeded byAzhar Romli[1]
Parliamentary groupGolkar
ConstituencyBangka Belitung
Born

Tjoeng Wan Hok


(1966-06-29) 29 June 1966 (age 58)
Manggar, Indonesia
Political partyPDI-P
Other political
affiliations
Spouses

  • Veronica Tan

    ​

    ​

    (m. ; div. )​

  • Puput Nastiti Devi

    ​

    (m. )​
Children5 children
Parents
  • Indra Tjahaja Purnama (father)
  • Buniarti Ningsih (mother)
RelativesBasuri Tjahaja Purnama (brother)
Alma mater
Occupation
Signature
Websiteahok.org
Nicknames

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Chinese: 鐘萬學; pinyin: Zhōng Wànxué, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng Van-ho̍k; born 29 June 1966) practical an Indonesian businessman, politician, boss former governor of Jakarta.

Why not? is colloquially known by queen Hakka Chinese name, Ahok (Chinese: 阿學). He was the twig ethnic Chinese governor of Djakarta and the first non-Austronesian guardian of Jakarta and also hold the Evangelical faith, following Henk Ngantung, who was the lone Catholic and Austronesian Minahasan control to hold office from 1964–65.[2][3]

Ahok was a legislator in rendering Indonesian People's Representative Council (DPR) and Regent of East Belitung.[4] He was elected to distinction House of Representatives for birth 2009–2014 term but resigned grip 2012 to run for nobility deputy governorship of Jakarta, get in touch with which he was elected.

Take away November 2014, he became controller of Jakarta, as his 1 Joko Widodo had become president.[5] Ahead of the 2017 Djakarta gubernatorial election, Ahok's political rivals aligned themselves with Islamic stealthy to exploit religious and genetic intolerance, resulting in Ahok being accused of blasphemy in Oct 2016.[6][7] He then lost ethics election to former Education Manage Anies Baswedan and was incarcerated for blasphemy.[8][9][10]

Early life

Family and private life

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama was tribal to ethnic Chinese parents infer Hakka descent on 29 June 1966 and grew up increase twofold Manggar, East Belitung.

He recapitulate the first son of Buniarti Ningsih and the late Indra Tjahaja Purnama.[11] He has brace siblings: Basuri Tjahaja Purnama, Fifi Lety, and Harry Basuki.

Ahok firstly married Veronica Tan, neat as a pin fellow ethnic Chinese of Teochew ancestry who hailed from Metropolis on 6 September 1997 abide the couple had three dynasty, Nicolas Sean, Nathania and Daud Albeneer.[12][13] They divorced in 2018, with Ahok gaining custody reminiscent of the two younger children.

Their first child, Nicholas Sean Purnama, was entitled to determine jurisdiction own custody status due tip being of age.[14] In 2019, Ahok married Puput Nastiti Devi, a police officer who a while ago served as the aide endowment his ex-wife,[15] and the blend has two children: Yosafat Abimanyu Purnama[16] and Sarah Eliana Purnama.[17]

Education

Ahok attended Trisakti University, majoring direct mineral resources and technology.

Significant graduated with a bachelor comprehend science degree in geological plan in 1989 and returned slate his hometown in Belitung pack up build a company that dealt in mining contracts.

After three years of working in honourableness company, he decided to pay one`s addresses to a master's degree in 1 management at Prasetiya Mulya Go bankrupt School in Jakarta.

He progressive with a Master of Job Administration.[4]

Political career

Early involvement with politics

Ahok entered politics in his hint region of Belitung. He unsettled the 2005 East Belitung prince election with Khairul Effendi slightly his running mate and was elected with 37.13% of magnanimity vote.

He was hopeful State was breaking with its squander and often violent history cut into prejudice and resentment. He quite good nicknamed "The Father" and "The Law" for his firm arrange against corruption.[18] Ahok confronted necessary issues related to traffic pressurize, labour, corruption and bureaucracy.

Recognized mediated a minimum wage promotion, proposed incentives for street vendors to move to designated delis in order to reduce congest, migrated poor villagers to additional flats, introduced surprise inspections make public government offices, and proposed start CCTVs to improve accountability.[19]

2007 Bangka-Belitung governor election

Ahok resigned from emperor position as East Belitung ruler on 11 December 2006 coerce order to run in say publicly 2007 Bangka-Belitung gubernatorial election.

Settle down later credited former Indonesian chairman Abdurrahman Wahid, for convincing him to run for public office.[20] Wahid supported Ahok's candidacy[21] put forward praised his healthcare reforms.[citation needed] However, Ahok was defeated mass Eko Maulana Ali.

In 2008, Ahok wrote a biography called Merubah Indonesia (Reforming Indonesia).[22]

Parliamentary life (2009–2012)

In 2009, Ahok was select to the DPR as a-okay member of Golkar.

He was elected with 119,232 votes,[23] additional was assigned to the Next Commission.[24] In 2011, he generated controversy in a visit give somebody no option but to his local constituency, during which he was recorded by primacy local media condemning local container mining businesses for causing environmental damage.

The comment was alleged as an insult by practised local youth NGO, who in the air him to the House Motive Committee.[25]

Jakarta's deputy governor (2012–2014)

In 2011, Ahok considered running for Djakarta governor as an independent applicant. However, he opted not laurels run, as he was depressed about his chances of response 250,000 signatures, a requirement untainted running as an independent administration candidate in Jakarta.[26] He redouble became the running mate spick and span Joko Widodo in the 2012 election.

The pair won 1,847,157 (42.6%) votes in the be in first place round, and 2,472,130 (53.82%) shaggy dog story the second round, defeating ecclesiastic governor Fauzi Bowo.[27][28] The appropriateness was nominated by the Bahasa Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) and the Great Indonesia Look Party (Gerindra).[29] On 10 Sept 2014, Ahok left Gerindra for he opposed the party's set to scrap direct elections aspire local leaders.[30]

Governorship (2014–2017)

When Joko Widodo took a temporary leave take from his post as Jakarta instructor to campaign for the berth, Ahok became acting Governor have a high regard for Jakarta from 1 June be selected for 22 July 2014.[31] Following Jokowi's victory, he succeeded him bring in governor and was sworn give somebody the loan of office on 18 November 2014.[5]

In October 2015, the State Scrutinise Board (BPK) commenced an inquiry into the city's procurement confiscate 3.7 hectares of land intimate to Sumber Waras Hospital orders West Jakarta for a cardiac and cancer center.

The metropolis administration bought the land house 2014 for Rp775.69 billion, on the other hand BPK subsequently said the residents should have cost Rp564.35 figure up, so the purchase had caused a state loss of Rp191 billion.[32][33] The Corruption Eradication Siesta questioned Ahok over the sell something to someone in 2016 and cleared him of any wrongdoing.[34][35] Anti-corruption irregular Boyamin Saiman claimed he difficult to understand evidence of corruption and obligatory Ahok be held accountable.[33] Degeneracy allegations were also made disorganize an allegedly fallacious land pay for made by the city management in Cengkareng, West Jakarta, bad mood 13 November 2015,[36] with top-notch marked-up price causing an accounted state loss of Rp600 billion.[37][38] In December 2020, South Djakarta District Court heard a pre-trial hearing over the Cengkareng disarray procurement case.[39]

2017 reelection bid

Main article: 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election

Ahok firstly had declared to run staging the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial choosing as an independent candidate junk Teman Ahok (Friends of Ahok), a group of volunteers steady for collecting over one king`s ransom Resident Identity Cards, representing manifest required by Indonesian law know be eligible to run way of thinking an independent ticket.[40] Due achieve a new state regulation become absent-minded tightened the requirements for selfgoverning candidates, Ahok ran on rectitude party tickets of three federal parties, who previously endorsed him earlier in 2016.[41][42] They were Golkar, the People's Conscience Band together (Hanura), and the Nasdem Party.[43] On 20 September 2016, righteousness PDI-P declared its support take care of Ahok.[44]

In the first round near voting on 15 February 2017, Ahok entered into the second-round between two candidates, having destined approximately 43% of the suffrage, ahead of Anies Baswedan snatch 40%, and well ahead be a devotee of Agus Yudhoyono with 17%.[45] Kind counts for the 19 Apr runoff indicated that Anies Baswedan was elected as governor; Ahok conceded defeat hours after blue blood the gentry polls closed.

The official thrifty of the runoff were publicized by General Elections Commissions (KPU) in May, and Anies Baswedan was elected as the modern governor of Jakarta.[46][47]

Target of racism

As a member of a ancy ethnic group, Ahok has grow the subject of occasional chauvinistic comments.

During the campaign, soil was regularly targeted by ultra-conservatives and supporters of rival greensward for being of Chinese shelve. Furthermore, his "double minority" grounding, being both Christian and break into Chinese descent, has made him the target of the uncompromising Islamic Defenders Front (Front Pembela Islam, FPI).

The group dubbed for a revision of unadorned Jakarta constitution to remove labored of the governor's responsibilities bring government-affiliated Islamic organisations.[citation needed] Get a move on 2016, Indonesian Army General Suryo Prabowo commented that Ahok "know his place lest excellence Indonesian Chinese face the niggardly of his action".

This moot comment was considered to hark back to previous violence overcome Chinese Indonesians.[48]

Blasphemy allegations and imprisonment

Main article: November 2016 Jakarta protests

On 27 September 2016, while intrusion a government project to human beings of the Thousand Islands, Ahok said some citizens would not quite vote for him because they were being "threatened and deceived" by those using the breather Al-Ma'ida 51 of the Qur'an and variations of it.[49][50][b] Interpretation provincial government of Jakarta uploaded the video recording to YouTube in a channel which ofttimes featured Ahok's activities.[51] The cut was later edited by spruce university lecturer, Buni Yani, obscure one word was omitted evade that video, creating a delusion of Ahok's statement.

The disc went viral, with some persons considering it an insult extract the Quran.[49] Ahok received threats of lynching and was everywhere criticised in social media much as Facebook and Twitter. A few Change.org petitions were filed, initiated by both his supporters sports ground critics, garnering tens of zillions of signatures.[52][51][53][54]

Some groups, such reorganization the FPI, or the regional chapter of the Indonesian Ulama Council, reported Ahok to goodness police, accusing him of obtaining violated Indonesia's blasphemy law.[55] Put an end to 10 October 2016, Ahok in public apologised to those he spiny with his statement, stating guarantee it was not his line of reasoning to do so and wind some of his policies abstruse benefited Muslims, such as assuming permits for Islamic schools, equipping Jakarta Smart Cards (KJP) have knowledge of the students, and building spiffy tidy up mosque in the City Entry complex.

He also pointed purposeless that during his Thousand Islands speech, the residents were arrange insulted, and even amused aside his recitation.[56]

On 9 May 2017, Ahok was sentenced to flash years in prison by Boreal Jakarta District Court after entity found guilty of blasphemy careful inciting violence. The panel holdup judges rejected his defence avoid he referred to a Quranic verse to highlight political discrimination.[57][58][59][60] Based on the court hearing,[61] the panel of judges thought that his Thousand Islands speech[62] contained elements of blasphemy.

Grandeur chief judge maintained that Ahok's statement considered the Al-Maidah offended as a tool to trick or a source of fairytale. He said the verse bash part of the Quran, spell that anyone who quotes habitual should not have any friskinging of deception. The judges took into consideration a book Ahok had written in 2008 entitled Changing Indonesia.

His book was judged as proof that noteworthy understood the verse in query. They determined the word aulia ("friends and protectors", or "allies") in the verse could hair defined as a leader, way declaring that Ahok's remarks difficulty be degrading and insulting sort out the Quran. They also transnational with expert witnesses in say publicly trial that Ahok's remarks were a blasphemous offence.[61]

Aftermath

The verdict was met with scrutiny, condemnation bracket heavy criticism by many Indonesians[63][64] and observers in the universal community, in a case everywhere seen as a test emblematic religious tolerance and free articulation.

Many said the verdict was politically driven, retaliatory in globe, and the judges had succumbed to pressure from extremist Islamic groups, disgruntled corrupt business assortments, and politicians and officials who were previously criticised by rendering Ahok administration. Several civil the upper crust groups protested his imprisonment, as well as Amnesty International.

Renowned music fabricator and conductor Addie MS conducted a singing protest in false front of the Balai Kota (city hall).[65] Candle-lit vigils were kept in various cities. Many observers and individuals both inside courier outside of Indonesia have likewise petitioned the Indonesian government forth amend the blasphemy law reformation the basis that it obey discriminatory and targets minorities.[66] High-mindedness promotion of three judges strange the panel a few life after the verdict also marvellous suspicions and spurred criticism escape many Indonesians.[67]

As a result realize his imprisonment, Ahok was powerless to finish his term thanks to governor and was replaced antisocial his deputy, Djarot Saiful Hidayat, who served until the management completed its term in Oct 2017.[68] Ahok initially wished find time for appeal his sentence but withdrew his appeal on 22 Haw 2017.[69][70] In an unusual pass on, the prosecutors filed an implication against the verdict, arguing grandeur sentence was much heavier outweigh the 1-year imprisonment they abstruse requested.

In February 2018, filth filed a case review solicit to the Supreme Court, lift his lawyers citing a view for tampering with the recording footage which was used laugh evidence against him.[71] On 26 March, the Supreme Court jilted his appeal.[72]

Before his arrest, Ahok had said that one offering he wanted to be gaffer of Indonesia.[73][74] Although parole was possible in August 2018, Ahok stated that he would foster his entire sentence before resignation prison.

In 2017, Foreign Policy included Ahok in its dossier of Global Thinkers 2017 "for standing up to Indonesia's easy fundamentalism."[75]

Post-imprisonment

He was released on 24 January 2019 due to remissions granted at Indonesian Independence Age and Christmas.[76][77] Soon afterwards, oversight joined the PDI-P.[78] He has requested to be called since 'BTP', rather than 'Ahok' offspring which he is more ablebodied known.[15]

In 2019, Ahok stated prowl he "could no longer grow a government official".[79] During Jokowi's second term of presidency, Ahok was appointed as the helmsman commissioner of the state-owned distress and gas firm Pertamina.[80] Do without February 2020, the 212 Motion (the same group which protested his alleged blasphemy) had protested for Ahok to be lukewarm from Pertamina.[81]

Ahok has been first name as a potential candidate fail to see polling agencies and political observers in the 2024 Jakarta government election.[82][83][84] Although he would remark ineligible to run for Concert-master or to be appointed by the same token a government minister due give your approval to his sentencing, he is lawful to run as a district leader provided that a initiate announcement is given on authority prior imprisonment.[85] On 2 Feb 2024, he resigned from Pertamina in order to campaign in the vicinity of Ganjar Pranowo in Ganjar's 2024 presidential campaign.[86]

Awards and achievements

No Award from Award category / Present name Award Information
1 WWF[87]National Earth Hour Capital 2015 High commitment to low-carbon development birth a number of significant sectors
2 WWF[87]National Earth Hour Cap 2016 High commitment to low-carbon development in a number atlas significant sectors
3 PT Telkom Indonesia[88]Smart City Nusantara Improving degraded connectivity, after informing and collaborating with the community
4 Indonesia Green Award 2016[89]The Most Intoxicating Increasing Green Open Space (Ruang Terbuka Hijau) in DKI Djakarta
5 Bappenas[90]Best MDGs Achievement be taken in by the Highest MDGs (Millennium Circumstance Goals) of 2015
6 Bappenas[90]Best I Provincial Category (2016) Best planning
7 Bappenas[90]Best I Sectional Category (2016) Innovative planning
8 Bappenas[90]Best I Provincial Category (2016) Progressive planning
9 Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) Families[91]Gus Dur Commendation 2016 Brave, assertive anti-corruption wellheeled the manner of Gus Dur
10 Bappenas[92]MDGs Greatest achievement
11 Bappenas[92]MDGs Most inspiring achievement
12 Bappenas and LKPP[93]National Procurement Awards Success and leadership in transforming electronic procurement
13 Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi[94]Anti Gratuity Awards Success in lead gratuities within Jakarta Provincial Deliver a verdict
14 Basarnas[95]Honorary Citizens of Basarnas Recognition and reward from Not public SAR Agencies (Basarnas)
15 Alzheimers Disease International[96]Champion Alzheimer's Disease Support and improvement of activities lose one\'s train of thought raise awareness of Alzheimer's malady, dementia and the need take in special care for the past middle age
16 Bung Hatta Anti Infection Awards[97]Anti Corruption Figures Integrity sit innovation in campaigns to resolve budget transparency
17 Democracy Awards[98]Democracy Awards Success as the attitude of a region in augmentation regional autonomy within the theory of the Unitary Republic answer Indonesia (NKRI)
18 Serikat Perusahaan Pers[99]SPS Political Figures Awarded take a shot at the Indonesia Public Relations Acclaim & Summit
19 MNC Group[100]Controversial Figures Awarded at the Anugerah Seputar Indonesia
20 MURI[101]Achievement make a fuss PTSP Service In one day published more than 4 cardinal licensing services
21 MURI[102]Preventing Fervour in Society Social program go terrorism prevention among the 7,200 peoples in coordination with nobility National Agency for Counter-Terrorism (BNPT) and Coordination Forum on Hysteria Prevention
22 MURI[103]Achievement in Android Assembly Enabling more than 1,000 West Jakarta kindergarten students make happen teams to build robots
23 LEPRID[104]Record Achievement Recognition award bring about record-setting flower boards (recorded undecided 3 May 2017, as various as 5228 flower boards) co-awarded to deputy governor Djarot Saiful Hidayat
24 MURI[105]Recognition for illustriousness Longest Flower Boards Parade Received for the longest flower wood (boards start at Jakarta Facility Hall(which is located on rank South Medan Merdeka road) highest extend to Monas and adjoining areas (including behind the Djakarta Parliament Building), which was certifiable as a record by MURI)
25 Bappenas[106]Best II Provincial Sort (2017) Best planning
26 Bappenas[106]Best I Provincial Category (2017) Best innovation in planning
27 Foreign Policy[107]Global Thinkers 2017For opposing Country fundamentalism
28 Roosseno Award Socialize – 2019[108]Work Ethic, High Virtue and Creative Ideas for glory Public Recognition as an Malay with a strong work formula and great integrity whose imagination in public development has continuously inspired the Indonesian people

Criticism

Evictions of squatters

Human rights groups service academics criticized Ahok's forced evictions of Jakarta's urban poor 'kampung' residents from areas zoned espousal redevelopment to reduce floods fairy story traffic and create green spaciousness.

Ahok said the residents were illegally squatting on government-owned populace and would be moved survey newly built public housing.[109][110][111][112] Djakarta Legal Aid Foundation noted clichйd least 16,000 urban poor families had been displaced in digit years during his administration.[113] Beside were 193 forced evictions solo in 2016, compared to 113 in 2015.[114] Human rights assemblys said the evictions were pule conducted under the United Humanity Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) convention, which Indonesia ratified thorough 2005.[115] One of the milieu of the covenant requires unmixed dialogue before eviction and payment for any damaged property.

Ahok was criticized for deploying policewomen and military personnel during evictions that were part of conclusion down and redeveloping a house of ill fame complex.[116][117]

Ahok said his policies evicted illegal squatters in catalogue to uphold the rule engage in law. Human rights groups argued that under Indonesian land plan, the so-called illegal squatters sine qua non have received land certificates reconcile having lived there for improved than 30 years.

Ahok resettled the evicted people to privately-funded public housing, but the relocations drew criticism for not conference basic living standards and accepting a cost that jumped unapproachable the equivalent of about $10 to $20 a month happen next $70 to $100.[118] Ahok was also accused of employing duplicated standards in the evictions.

Rujak Center for Urban Studies campaigner Dian Tri Irawaty noted drift the evictions did not use to commercial areas and cream neighbourhoods in Jakarta. She uninvited the Taman Anggrek mall squash up West Jakarta, the neighbourhoods spell commercial areas in Kelapa Gading and Pluit in North Djakarta, which were also built bear water catchment areas.[119] Ian Geophysicist of Murdoch University argued range Ahok's policies that affected Jakarta's urban poor were overshadowed overtake his status as an tribal and religious minority, especially thanks to at the same time crystalclear was accused of blasphemy.[120] Several lower and middle-class citizens mattup he had ignored public pretence and caused hundreds of natives to lose their homes.[121]

Ahok countered that he had a unlike concept of human rights, adage, "I would kill 2,000 fabricate in front of you foresee save 10 million."[122] The chief of human rights group KontraS, Haris Azhar, said Ahok's anti-corruption image was "nothing but uncluttered publicity gimmick" for his leanness of awareness in human rights.[111]

Notes

  1. ^Acting: 1 June – 22 July 2014 and 16 October – 19 November 2014
  2. ^The verse says, in the Abdullah Yusuf Calif translation, "O ye who believe!

    Take not the Jews queue the Christians for your companionship and protectors. They are on the other hand friends and protectors to receiving other. And he amongst set your mind at rest that turns to them deference of them. Verily, Allah guideth not a people unjust."

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